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Anaemia in pregnancy

机译：怀孕贫血

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Anaemia in pregnancy, defined as a haemoglobin concentration (Hb) < 110 g/L, affects more than 56 million women globally, two thirds of them being from Asia. Multiple factors lead to anaemia in pregnancy, nutritional iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) being the commonest. Underlying inflammatory conditions, physiological haemodilution and several factors affecting Hb and iron status in pregnancy lead to difficulties in establishing a definitive diagnosis. IDA is associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long-term adverse effects in the new born. Strategies to prevent anaemia in pregnancy and its adverse effects include treatment of underlying conditions, iron and folate supplementation given weekly for all menstruating women including adolescents and daily for women during pregnancy and the post partum period, and delayed clamping of the umbilical cord at delivery. Oral iron is preferable to intravenous therapy for treatment of IDA. B12 and folate deficiencies in pregnancy are rare and may be due to inadequate dietary intake with the latter being more common. These vitamins play an important role in embryo genesis and hence any relative deficiencies may result in congenital abnormalities. Finding the underlying cause are crucial to the management of these deficiencies. Haemolytic anaemias rare also rare in pregnancy, but may have life-threatening complications if the diagnosis is not made in good time and acted upon appropriately.
机译：怀孕期间的贫血定义为血红蛋白浓度（Hb）<110 g / L，在全球影响超过5600万妇女，其中三分之二来自亚洲。多种因素导致妊娠贫血，营养性铁缺乏性贫血（IDA）最常见。潜在的炎症条件，生理性血液稀释和影响妊娠Hb和铁状态的若干因素导致难以确定诊断。 IDA与孕产妇和围产期发病率和死亡率增加以及新生儿的长期不良反应有关。预防怀孕贫血及其不良影响的策略包括治疗潜在疾病，对所有月经期女性（包括青少年）每周一次补充铁和叶酸，在怀孕期间和产后期间每天为女性补充，以及延迟分娩时脐带的夹紧。口服铁剂优于静脉注射剂治疗IDA。孕妇中的B12和叶酸缺乏症很少见，可能是由于饮食摄入不足，后者更为常见。这些维生素在胚胎发生中起着重要作用，因此任何相对缺乏都可能导致先天性异常。寻找根本原因对于管理这些缺陷至关重要。溶血性贫血在孕妇中也很少见，但如果不能及时做出诊断并采取适当的措施，可能会危及生命。

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