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National sovereignty & transboundary protected areas in Southern Africa

机译：南部非洲的国家主权和跨界保护区

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The notion that Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPAs) will act as `Peace Parks' has become an important argument in their promotion in post-Apartheid Southern Africa. This `Peace Parks Concept' is implicitly based upon the assumption that national sovereignty will not become a constraining factor in the creation and management of TBPAs. However, this assumption is problematic. TBPAs introduce various changes in the landscape with consequences for the ways in which a state can exercise its sovereignty over its borderland and citizens. This situation might evoke state action that could endanger the various environmental, socio-economic and political objectives of TBPAs. A state's behaviour with regard to TBPAs is not just informed by its interests in TBPAs, but also by its strategic and other interests in the wider borderland area. These are not necessarily compatible with the environmental and economic objectives of TBPAs. The ways in which these interests are mediated are highly complex and non-linear. Because of the inter-dependency that TBPAs create, the extent to which a state can pursue certain interests by means of TBPAs will be (partially) constrained by the wishes of the other states involved. In addition, power has to be shared with a wide range of non-state actors. The operation of sovereignty in TBPAs is therefore highly unpredictable and cannot be captured in static zero-sum terms. Actor Network Theory is identified as a possible starting-point to unravel and evaluate these complex political processes in TBPAs and their subsequent outcomes for state sovereignty.
机译：跨界保护区将充当“和平公园”的观念已成为在后种族隔离时期南部非洲推广的一个重要论点。这个“和平公园概念”隐含地基于这样的假设，即国家主权将不会成为建立和管理跨界保护区的限制因素。但是，这种假设是有问题的。跨界保护区（TBPAs）引入了各种变化，影响了国家行使对边境地区和公民的主权的方式。这种情况可能会引起国家行动，可能危及跨界保护区的各种环境，社会经济和政治目标。国家在跨界保护区方面的行为不仅取决于其对跨界保护区的利益，而且还取决于其在更广泛的边境地区的战略利益和其他利益。这些不一定与TBPA的环境和经济目标兼容。调解这些利益的方式是高度复杂和非线性的。由于跨界保护区所产生的相互依存关系，一国可以通过跨界保护区追求某些利益的程度将（部分）受到所涉其他州的意愿的限制。此外，权力必须与广泛的非国家行为者共享。因此，跨界保护区中的主权运作是高度不可预测的，无法以静态零和的形式来把握。行动者网络理论被认为是解开和评估跨界保护区中这些复杂政治进程及其对国家主权的后续结果的可能起点。

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