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首页> 外文期刊>Field Crops Research >Unravelling the causes of variability in crop yields and treatment responses for better tailoring of options for sustainable intensification in southern Mali
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Unravelling the causes of variability in crop yields and treatment responses for better tailoring of options for sustainable intensification in southern Mali

机译：阐明作物产量和处理对策变化的原因，以便更好地定制马里南部可持续集约化方案

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Options that contribute to sustainable intensification offer an avenue to improve crop yields and farmers' livelihoods. However, insufficient knowledge on the performance of various options in the context of smallholder farm systems impedes local adaptation and adoption. Therefore, together with farmers in southern Mali we tested a range of options for sustainable intensification including intensification of cereal (maize and sorghum) and legume (groundnut, soyabean and cowpea) sole crops and cereal legume intercropping during three years on on -farm trials. There was huge variability among fields in crop yields of unamended control plots: maize yielded from 0.20 to 5.24t ha(-1), sorghum from 0 to 3.53 t ha(-1), groundnut from 0.10 to 1.16 t ha(-1), soyabean from 0 to 2.48 t ha(-1) and cowpea from 0 to 1.02 t ha(-1). This variability was partly explained by (i) soil type and water holding capacity, (ii) previous crop, its management and the nutrient carry-over and (iii) inter -annual weather variability. Farmers recognized three soil types: gravelly soils, sandy soils and black soils. Yields were very poor on gravelly soils and two to three times greater (depending on the crop) on black soils. Yields were also poor at the end of the typical crop rotation, i.e., after sorghum and millet, and 1.3-1.7 times greater (depending on the crop) after the fertilized crops maize and cotton. We diagnosed a number of cases of technology failure where no improvement in yield was observed with hybrid varieties of maize and sorghum and rhizobial inoculation of soyabean. Regardless of soil type and previous crop, mineral fertilizer improved yields by 34-126% depending on the crop. Targeting options to a given soil type and/or place in the rotation enhanced their agronomic performance: (i) the biomass production of the cowpea fodder variety was doubled on black soils compared with gravelly soils, (ii) the additive maize/cowpea intercropping option after cotton or maize resulted in an average overall LER of 1.47, no maize grain penalty, and 1.38 t ha -1 more cowpea fodder production compared with sole maize. Soil type and position in the rotation, two indicators easy to assess by farmers and extension workers, allowed the identification of specific niches for enhanced agronomic performance of legume sole cropping and/or intercropping. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：有助于可持续集约化的备选方案为提高作物产量和农民生计提供了途径。但是，对小农户农场系统中各种选择的执行情况的知识不足，阻碍了当地的适应和采用。因此，我们与马里南部的农民一起在农场试验中测试了一系列可持续集约化的选择方案，包括谷物（玉米和高粱）和豆类（花生，大豆和cow豆）单一作物和豆类谷物间作的集约化。未经修改的对照地块的作物产量之间存在巨大差异：玉米产量从0.20到5.24t ha（-1），高粱从0到3.53 t ha（-1），花生从0.10到1.16 t ha（-1） ，大豆从0到2.48 t ha（-1）和cow豆从0到1.02 t ha（-1）。 （i）土壤类型和持水量，（ii）以前的作物，其管理和养分结转以及（iii）年际天气变化，部分解释了这种变化。农民认识到三种土壤类型：砾石土壤，沙土和黑土。在砾石土壤上，单产非常低，而在黑色土壤上，单产则高出两到三倍（取决于作物）。在典型的轮作结束时，即在高粱和小米之后，单产也很差，而在玉米和棉花受精后，单产提高了1.3-1.7倍（取决于作物）。我们诊断出许多技术失败的案例，其中玉米和高粱的杂交品种以及大豆的根瘤菌接种未见产量提高。无论土壤类型和以前的作物为何，矿物肥料的产量取决于作物的不同，可提高34-126％。针对给定土壤类型和/或轮播位置的选择方案增强了其农艺性能：（i）与砾石土壤相比，黑土上biomass豆饲料品种的生物量生产翻了一番;（ii）玉米/ co豆间作添加剂棉花或玉米的平均总LER仅为1.47，无玉米粒损失，cow豆饲料产量比单一玉米多1.38 t ha -1。轮作中的土壤类型和位置是农民和推广人员容易评估的两个指标，可以确定特定的生态位，以提高豆类的单作和/或间作的农艺性能。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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