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Effects of deficit irrigation and plant density on the growth, yield and fiber quality of irrigated cotton

机译：亏缺灌溉和植物密度对灌溉棉的生长，产量和纤维品质的影响

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Deficit irrigation is a new strategy to increase water use efficiency of cotton in arid areas, but it is not clear if it interacts with plant density. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of deficit irrigation and plant density as well as their interaction on the growth, yield and fiber quality of irrigated cotton. Two field experiments were conducted at three sites in 2013 and one site from 2014 to 2015 in an arid area of Xinjiang. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used to determine the effects of 6 irrigation regimes on seedcotton yield in the first experiment, while a split-plot design was used in the second experiment with the main plots assigned to irrigation regime (saturation, regular and deficit) and the subplots to plant density (high, medium and low) to examine cotton yield, fiber quality and water productivity as affected by plant density under deficit irrigation. Averaged across the three sites, drip irrigation ranging from 3650 to 4700 m(3)/ha did not significantly affect cotton yield, but seedcotton yield under 3650 m(3)/ha in Si was 6.3% lower than that under 4000 m(3)/ha. Thus, it is quite appropriate to regularly drip-irrigate at 4000 m(3)/ha in the experimental area. Deficit irrigation at high plant density also maintained a relatively higher leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR), particularly at late stages of plant growth and development, than saturation or regular irrigation. Plant density ranging from 18 to 24 plants/m(2) produced more seedcotton than 12 plants/m(2) under regular irrigation. Increasing irrigation to saturation levels had little effects on cotton yield regardless of plant density; saturation irrigation at high plant density even reduced cotton yield compared with regular irrigation at medium plant density. Under deficit irrigation, the high plant density produced 9.1-17% greater yield and 9.3-16.8% higher irrigation water productivity (IWP) than low or medium plant density, and comparable yield to medium or high plant density under regular irrigation. This high yield under deficit irrigation at high plant density was due to increased plant biomass occasioned by high plant population and improved harvest index. Deficit irrigation did not affect fiber quality in 2014, but reduced fiber length and increased fiber micronaire value in 2015. Conclusively, use of high plant density under deficit irrigation can be a promising alternative for water saving without compromising cotton yield under arid conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：干旱灌溉是提高干旱地区棉花水分利用效率的新策略，但尚不清楚它是否与植物密度相互作用。这项研究的目的是确定亏缺灌溉和植物密度及其相互作用对灌溉棉花的生长，产量和纤维品质的影响。 2013年在新疆干旱地区的3个地点和2014年至2015年的1个地点进行了两次野外试验。在第一个实验中，使用具有三个重复的随机完整区组设计来确定6种灌溉制度对棉籽产量的影响，而在第二个实验中，采用分割图设计，将主要地块分配给灌溉制度（饱和，常规和赤字）和植物密度（高，中，低）的子图，以研究棉花产量，纤维质量和水分生产率（受亏缺灌溉条件下植物密度影响）。在这三个地点的平均水平上，滴灌量在3650至4700 m（3）/ ha范围内对棉花产量没有显着影响，但Si的3650 m（3）/ ha下的棉籽产量比4000 m（3）下的棉籽产量低6.3％。 ）/哈。因此，在实验区域以4000 m（3）/ ha定期滴灌非常合适。与饱和灌溉或常规灌溉相比，高植物密度的亏欠灌溉还保持相对较高的叶面积指数（LAI）和净同化率（NAR），尤其是在植物生长和发育的后期。在常规灌溉下，密度从18到24株植物/ m（2）的植物产生的籽棉要多于12株/ m（2）。无论植物密度如何，增加灌溉量至饱和水平对棉花产量几乎没有影响。与中等植物密度的常规灌溉相比，高植物密度的饱和灌溉甚至降低了棉花产量。在亏缺灌溉条件下，高植物密度的产量比中低植物密度的产量高9.1-17％，灌溉水生产率（IWP）高9.3-16.8％，在常规灌溉下与中高植物密度的产量相当。高植物密度的亏缺灌溉下的这种高产量是由于高植物种群和提高的收获指数导致植物生物量增加。亏缺灌溉在2014年没有影响纤维质量，但在2015年减少了纤维长度，增加了纤维细测度值。最终，在干旱条件下在不影响棉花产量的前提下，在亏缺灌溉条件下使用高植物密度可以成为节水的有前途的替代方法。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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