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首页> 外文期刊>Flora >Biology of the polyploid geophyte Allium oleraceum (Amaryllidaceae): Variation in size, sexual and asexual reproduction and germination within and between tetra-, penta- and hexaploid cytotypes
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Biology of the polyploid geophyte Allium oleraceum (Amaryllidaceae): Variation in size, sexual and asexual reproduction and germination within and between tetra-, penta- and hexaploid cytotypes

机译：多倍性植物赘葱（Amaryllidaceae）的生物学：四倍体，五倍体和六倍体细胞型内部和之间的大小，有性和无性生殖以及萌发变化

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It has been proposed that plant species cytotypes commonly exhibit altered morphology, reproduction, geographic and ecological distributions. We studied phenotypic variation in height, sexual (flowers, seeds) and asexual (aerial bulbils) reproduction in natural populations and in the conditions of a common garden of three cytotypes (2n = 4x, 5x, 6x) of the bulbous geophyte Allium oleraceum in the Czech Republic. Additionally, we compared the germination and dormancy of seeds and bulbils to determine whether propagules have different ecological roles. The pattern of morphological differentiation observed between cytotypes under natural conditions was similar to that observed under common garden conditions, suggesting that variability in morphological characteristics appears to be associated with ploidy levels. We revealed differences in size and sexual and asexual production between A. oleraceum cytotypes, but with wide overlap among cytotypes, suggesting a limited possibility of the studied traits to reliably distinguish between cytotypes. Tetraploids and pentaploids were rather similar; they were taller and produced more flowers than hexaploids, which were mostly flowerless (mean<0.7 flower/plant). All cytotypes were able to produce viable seeds, but their numbers were extremely low, usually less than 3 seeds per inflorescence; clonal reproduction via aerial bulbils dominates in all cytotypes (flower:bulbil ratio<0.5), with tetraploids producing more but lighter bulbils than other cytotypes. The seed: ovule ratio was low (<0.1) in all cytotypes, although hexaploids reached higher values than other cytotypes. Bulbils germinated better (means >80%) than seeds in all cytotypes, with pentaploid bulbils showing the highest germination (mean 90.5%). The cytotypes did not differ in seed germination (range of means 73.4%-76.3%). About 6% of seeds did not germinate but were still viable at the end of the experiment, while all non-germinated bulbils of all cytotypes had rotten away. Seeds, but not bulbils, can likely form a short-term persistent propagule soil bank. We found no evidence of a phenotypic trade-off between the production of flowers (seeds) and the production of bulbils within the inflorescence of all studied cytotypes. Together, inter-cytotypic differences in fitness-related traits cannot completely explain the different geographic and ecological distributions of cytotypes in the Czech Republic found by previous research.
机译：已经提出，植物物种的细胞类型通常表现出改变的形态，繁殖，地理和生态分布。我们研究了在自然种群中，以及在球形细胞赘植物油菜葱属的三种细胞型（2n = 4x，5x，6x）的共同花园条件下，高度，有性（花，种子）和无性（空球茎）繁殖的表型变化。捷克共和国。此外，我们比较了种子和鳞茎的发芽和休眠，以确定繁殖体是否具有不同的生态作用。在自然条件下观察到的细胞类型之间的形态分化模式与在普通花园条件下观察到的模式相似，这表明形态特征的变异似乎与倍性水平相关。我们揭示了油菜曲霉细胞类型之间在大小以及性和无性生产方面的差异，但是在细胞类型之间存在广泛的重叠，这表明研究的性状可靠区分细胞类型的可能性有限。四倍体和五倍体非常相似。它们比六倍体高，并且产生更多的花，而六倍体则大多没有花（平均＜0.7朵花/植物）。所有的细胞类型都能够产生有活力的种子，但是它们的数量非常少，通常每个花序少于3个种子。气生球茎的无性繁殖在所有细胞类型中均占主导地位（花：bulbil比率<0.5），四倍体产生的球茎比其他细胞类型更多但更轻。尽管六倍体的值高于其他细胞型，但所有细胞型的种子：胚珠比率均较低（<0.1）。在所有细胞类型中，小头菜的发芽均优于种子（均值> 80％），其中五倍体小头兰的发芽率最高（平均值为90.5％）。细胞类型在种子萌发中没有差异（平均值范围为73.4％-76.3％）。在实验结束时，约有6％的种子没有发芽，但仍然可以存活，而所有细胞类型的所有未发芽的胚芽都已腐烂。种子而不是鳞茎可能会形成短期持续繁殖的土壤库。我们没有发现在所有研究的细胞类型的花序内，花（种子）的产量与球茎的产量之间存在表型权衡的证据。总的来说，适应性相关性状的细胞间差异无法完全解释先前研究发现的捷克共和国细胞类型的不同地理和生态分布。

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