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Relationships between leaf deciduousness and flowering traits of woody species in the Brazilian neotropical savanna

机译：巴西新热带稀树草原叶片落叶与木本植物开花性状的关系

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摘要

The relationships between foliage permanence and flowering throughout the year were analyzed in 92 woody species of Cerrado vegetation categorized as either deciduous (DE), semideciduous (SD) or evergreen (EV). Flowering of DE, SD and EV species was investigated via three variables, measured over the course of the year: flowering duration (FLD), calculated as the number of months in flower in each species; flowering distribution (FDI), calculated as the number of species in flower per month; and flowering peak (FPE), defined as the four consecutive months yielding the highest number of species in flower. The months with the highest numbers of species in flower were October (52 species), September (50) and August (49). These months correspond to the period of transition from the dry season to the wet season. In the majority of species studied, seasonal climatic factors were strong enough to induce fruit formation in the dry season and seed dispersal in the following wet season, when sufficient water was available to support germination and plantlet growth. However, significant differences in FLD, FDI and FPE were found among the leaf phenological groups. High FLD in EV species is likely favored by the continuous input of resources from the year-round foliage. In contrast, DE species employ reserves of carbon, water and nutrients to form new leaves and flowers on a crown free of foliage at the end of the dry season. In DE species, their low FLD may reduce the impact of flowering on reserve consumption. SD species showed an intermediate level of foliage persistence, resulting in intermediate FLD values. In addition, SD species exhibited a different pattern of flowering distribution from those of DE and EV species. Many SD species have two flowering periods per year. The first period occurs when the crowns are full of leaves, in the middle of the dry season in June, similar to EV species. The second occurs when only half of the original foliage area is present, near the peak of the dry season in September, similar to DE species. Therefore, despite a strong influence of seasonal climatic conditions on the flowering behavior of DE, SD and EV woody species of Cerrado vegetation, these leaf phenological groups differ significantly in FLD, FDI and FPE.
机译：分析了92种Cerrado植被的木本植物，这些植物分为落叶（DE），半落叶（SD）或常绿（EV），分析了一年四季树叶的持久性与开花之间的关系。通过一年中测量的三个变量研究了DE，SD和EV物种的开花情况：开花持续时间（FLD），计算为每种物种的花月数;开花分布（FDI），计算为每月花朵中的物种数量;开花高峰期（FPE），定义为连续四个月产生的花种数量最高。花中种类最多的月份是十月（52种），九月（50）和八月（49）。这些月份对应于从旱季到雨季的过渡时期。在所研究的大多数物种中，当有足够的水支持发芽和幼苗生长时，季节气候因素足以诱导干旱季节的果实形成和随后的雨季的种子传播。然而，在叶片物候学组之间发现了FLD，FDI和FPE的显着差异。 EV物种中较高的FLD可能是由于全年不断从叶子中获取资源而不断投入的。相反，DE品种在干燥季节结束时利用碳，水和养分的储备，在没有叶子的树冠上形成新的叶子和花朵。在DE物种中，其低FLD可能会减少开花对储备消耗的影响。 SD物种显示中等水平的叶子持久性，导致中等FLD值。此外，SD物种表现出与DE和EV物种不同的开花分布模式。许多SD物种每年都有两个开花期。第一个时期是在六月的旱季中，当树冠充满叶子时，类似于EV物种。第二次发生的情况是，仅原始叶子面积的一半出现在九月的旱季高峰附近，类似于DE物种。因此，尽管季节性气候条件对Cerrado植被的DE，SD和EV木本植物的开花行为有很大影响，但这些叶片物候群在FLD，FDI和FPE上存在显着差异。

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