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Lack of evidence on hybrid swarm in the sympatric population of Pinus mugo and Pinus sylvestris

机译：松树和樟子松同胞种群中没有混合种群的证据

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Natural hybridisation between the taxa from Pinus mugo complex and P. sylvestris was postulated in several sympatric populations of the species in Europe. However, due to the absence of precise methods for identification of hybrid seeds and hybrid trees, the frequency of hybridisation and its influence on the genetic structure of relict P. mugo populations has not been clarified so far. In the present study, the species-specific chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) marker and isozymes were applied to test the hybridisation hypothesis in a postulated hybrid swarm population of the species from "Bor na Czerwonem" reserve at the northern foothills of Tatra Mts., Poland. The cpDNA marker was used to identify hybrids within two groups of polycormic (multi-stemmed) and monocormic (single-stemmed) pines from this population. Allelic frequencies at isozyme loci from both groups were compared to frequencies found in allopatric populations of the species. Additionally, cpDNA haplotypes of seedlings derived from open pollinated seeds were studied to detect the possibility of successful cross-pollination. The mixture of seedlings with P. sylvestris and P. mugo cpDNA haplotypes was derived from one parental tree that indicates hybridisation. However, all the mature polycormic pines had cpDNA haplotypes species specific to P. mugo and the isozyme frequencies were similar to frequencies found in three allopatric populations of P. mugo from Tatra Mts. (mean genetic distance, Dn =.027). The differences were much larger in comparisons with monocormic pines from this area (Dn =.085) and two P. syluestris samples from distant allopatric populations (Dn =.077). Nearly all monocormic pines had cpDNA species specific to P. sylvestris and isozyme frequencies similar to other populations of this species (mean Dn =.004). Only one P. sylvestris-like monocormic tree had cpDNA of P. mugo and can be considered as a hybrid. The results do not provide evidence supporting the hybrid swarm hypothesis. Rather, the results suggest that mature hybrids have a low frequency within this population and (rare) hybridisation is not reciprocal but unidirectional with P. mugo as pollen donor. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：在欧洲，该物种的多个同胞种群中都假定了Pinus mugo complex的类群和西番莲之间的自然杂交。然而，由于缺乏用于鉴定杂种种子和杂种树的精确方法，杂交的频率及其对残存的马铃薯种的遗传结构的影响目前尚未阐明。在本研究中，物种特异性的叶绿体DNA（cpDNA）标记和同工酶被用于在波兰塔特拉山北麓的“ Bor na Czerwonem”保护区的假定杂种种群中测试杂交假设。 。 cpDNA标记用于从该种群中鉴定多皮质（多梗）和单皮质（单梗）两组的杂种。将两组同工酶基因座的等位基因频率与该物种的同种异体种群中发现的频率进行比较。另外，研究了从开放授粉种子衍生的幼苗的cpDNA单倍型，以检测成功的异花授粉的可能性。樟子松和马铃薯cpDNA单倍型的幼苗混合物来自一棵亲本树，表明杂交。但是，所有成熟的多皮层松树都具有特定于马铃薯P. mugo的cpDNA单倍型，并且同工酶频率类似于在来自Tatra Mts的三个异食性小麦P. gugo种群中发现的频率。 （平均遗传距离，Dn = .027）。与来自该地区的单皮层松树（Dn = .085）和来自远距离异源种群的两个丁香假单胞菌样品（Dn = .077）相比，差异要大得多。几乎所有的单层松都具有对樟脑假单胞菌特有的cpDNA种类和同工酶频率，类似于该物种的其他种群（平均值Dn = .004）。只有一株樟脑地堡类单皮层树具有茂果的cpDNA，可以被认为是杂种。结果没有提供支持混合群假设的证据。相反，结果表明，成熟的杂种在该种群中的频率较低，并且（稀有）杂交不是互惠的，而是单向的，以P. mugo作为花粉供体。 （c）2005 Elsevier GmbH。版权所有。

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