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Growth and photosynthesis of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides l. fil. in central Europe

机译：水生毛的生长与光合作用。 fil。在中欧

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摘要

Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. fil.) is a worldwide distributed aquatic plant. The species is native to North America and quite common also in Central and South America. In Europe, Japan and Australia it is known as an alien plant, sometimes causing serious problems for affected ecosystems and human use of water bodies. Starting from Western Europe with an eastwards directed spread, Floating Pennywort was recorded in Germany in 2004 for the first time. Since then, the species spread out and got established in western parts of Central Europe. For a definite prediction of the potential of a further spread, data about biology, in particular growth and photosynthesis are needed. Here, regeneration capacity, growth at different nutrient availabilities and photosynthesis of H. ranunculoides were investigated. In addition biomass samples were taken in the field. Results show an enormous regeneration capacity (e.g., by forming new shoots from small shoot fragments), increasing growth rates under increasing nutrient availability and a maximum increase of biomass reaching 0.132 +/- 0.008 gg(-1) dwd(-1). Dense populations of H. ranunculoides growing in ponds and oxbows were found at high nutrient content of the substrate, the biomass reaching there up to 532.4 +/- 14.2 g dw m(-2). Gas exchange analysis showed a physiological optimum of H. ranunculoides CO2 uptake at temperatures between 25 and 35 degrees C and high photon flux densities (PPFD) above similar to 800 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). In comparison, native Hydrocotyle vulyaris showed an optimum of net photosynthesis at 20-30 degrees C and a light saturation of CO2 gas exchange at similar to 350 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：漂浮的Pennywort（Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. fil。）是一种全球分布的水生植物。该物种原产于北美，在中美洲和南美洲也很常见。在欧洲，日本和澳大利亚，它被称为外来植物，有时会给受影响的生态系统和人类对水体的使用造成严重问题。从西欧开始，向东扩散，2004年在德国首次录制了《漂浮的竹enny》。此后，该物种在中欧西部扩散并建立。为了确切预测进一步传播的潜力，需要有关生物学的数据，尤其是生长和光合作用的数据。在这里，研究了再生能力，不同养分利用率下的生长和毛un的光合作用。另外，在现场采集了生物质样品。结果显示出巨大的再生能力（例如，通过从小枝条上形成新枝条），在增加养分利用率的情况下提高生长速率以及最大生物量增加，达到0.132 +/- 0.008 gg（-1）dwd（-1）。在底物的高养分含量下，发现在池塘和黄牛中生长的密集毛虫种群，生物量达到那里的生物量高达532.4 +/- 14.2 g dw m（-2）。气体交换分析显示，在25至35摄氏度之间的温度和高于类似于800μmol光子m（-2）s（-1）的高光子通量密度（PPFD）时，H。ranunculoides CO2吸收的生理最佳状态。相比之下，天然水co在20-30摄氏度时表现出最佳的净光合作用，并且在类似于350μmol光子m（-2）s（-1）（C）2007 Elsevier GmbH的情况下，CO2气体交换的光饱和度最高。版权所有。

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