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Free overall in circular channels with flat base: a method of open channel flow measurement

机译：具有平坦底座的圆形通道中的自由总体：明渠流量测量方法

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摘要

A free overfall at the end of an open channel offers a simple means of measuring flow discharge. In this paper, two methods are presented for the computation of end-depth and discharge of a free overfall from smooth circular channels with flat base. Firstly, applying the momentum equation based on the Boussinesq approximation, the flow upstream of a free overfall is theoretically analyzed to calculate the end-depth-ratio (EDR). This approach eliminates the need of an experimentally determined pressure coefficient. In subcritical flows, the EDR is related to the critical-depth that occurs far upstream. In supercritical flows, the Manning equation is used to express the end-depth as a function of streamwise slope of the channel. Methods to estimate discharge from the end-depth in subcritical and supercritical flows are presented. The upstream flow profiles of a free overfall are computed using the streamline curvature at free surface. Secondly, an alternate method for analyzing free overfall from circular channels with flat base is also presented, where a free overfall in a circular channel with flat base is simulated by the flow over a sharp-crested weir to calculate the EDR. The comparisons of the computed results with the experimental data are satisfactory for subcritical flow and acceptable for supercritical flow.
机译：明渠末端的自由倾倒提供了一种简单的测量流量排放的方法。在本文中，提出了两种方法来计算端深和从平坦底面光滑的圆形通道中自由溢流的流量。首先，应用基于Boussinesq近似的动量方程，从理论上分析了自由溢流的上游水流，以计算端深比（EDR）。这种方法消除了实验确定的压力系数的需要。在亚临界流中，EDR与远上游发生的临界深度有关。在超临界流中，Manning方程用于表示端部深度与河道的流向坡度的函数。提出了从末端深度估算亚临界和超临界流量的方法。使用自由表面的流线曲率来计算自由溢流的上游流量分布。其次，还提出了一种替代方法来分析具有平坦底面的圆形通道的自由倾覆，其中通过具有尖顶堰的流动来模拟具有平坦底面的圆形通道的自由倾覆以计算EDR。计算结果与实验数据的比较对于亚临界流是令人满意的，对于超临界流是可接受的。

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