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Historical and recent fragmentation of temperate floodplain grasslands: Do patch size and distance affect the richness of characteristic wet meadow plant species?

机译：温带洪泛平原草地的历史和近期碎片化：斑块的大小和距离是否会影响特色湿草甸植物物种的丰富性？

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Patch size and isolation are thought to have a large influence on the extinction risk of specialist plant species in grassland fragments in the modern agricultural landscape. We combined a re-sampling study in semi-permanent floodplain grassland plots with a GIS-based analysis of historical (1950s/1960s) and recent landscape patterns. Based on historical and recent vegetation maps and relev,s from six study areas (plus a protected reference area) covering 50-60 years of vegetation change following agricultural intensification, we aimed at analysing the importance of fragmentation on the diversity of potentially sensitive specialist species of wet floodplain meadows in northern Germany. On the plot scale, we found 30-66 % reductions in species richness of these characteristic wet meadow plant species over time and an associated increase in the fragmentation of grassland habitats. Distance to the nearest suitable habitat had a modest negative effect on modern plot-scale richness, while the other tested landscape metrics (total meadow area, mean patch size and landscape proximity index distribution) had no significant influence. There was also no evidence for a legacy of historical landscape structure on current richness of specialist species. Instead, management intensity and its change over the past decades, as indicated by altered Ellenberg indicator values for nutrients and moisture, had a strong influence on plot-scale diversity. The results suggest that fragmentation is not the proximate cause of impoverishment and point to habitat deterioration as a main driver. We conclude that conservation measures in Central-European floodplain meadows should not only focus on large continuous grassland areas, but should also consider small meadow patches if they remained species-rich.
机译：人们认为，斑块的大小和隔离对现代农业景观中草地碎片中特种植物物种的灭绝风险有很大影响。我们将对半永久性洪泛区草地地块的重新抽样研究与基于GIS的历史（1950年代/ 1960年代）和近期景观格局的分析相结合。基于历史和近期的植被图以及来自农业集约化之后覆盖60-60年植被变化的六个研究区域（加上一个受保护的参考区域）的相关性，我们旨在分析破碎对潜在敏感专业物种多样性的重要性。德国北部的湿漫滩草甸。在样地规模上，我们发现这些典型的湿草甸植物物种的物种丰富度随时间减少了30-66％，并且草地栖息地的破碎化也随之增加。距离最近的合适栖息地的距离对现代样地的丰富度有中等程度的负面影响，而其他测试景观指标（总草地面积，平均斑块大小和景观接近指数分布）没有显着影响。也没有证据表明历史景观结构在当前专业物种的丰富性方面留下了遗产。相反，如养分和水分的埃伦贝格指标值改变所表明的那样，过去几十年来的管理强度及其变化对样地尺度的多样性有很大的影响。结果表明，支离破碎不是造成贫困的直接原因，并且表明栖息地的恶化是主要的驱动力。我们得出的结论是，中欧洪泛平原草甸的保护措施不仅应着眼于连续的大型草地地区，而且还应考虑即使草地上物种丰富的小型草甸地带。

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