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An RNA-based analysis of changes in biodiversity indices in response to Sus scrofa domesticus decomposition

机译：基于RNA的Sus scrofa domesticus分解反应中生物多样性指数变化的分析

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Despite emergent research initiatives, significant knowledge gaps remain of soil microbiology-associated cadaver decomposition. Nevertheless, preliminary studies have shown that the vast diversity and complex interactions of soil microbial communities have great potential for forensic applications such as clandestine grave location and postmortem interval estimation. This study investigated changes in soil bacterial communities during pig {Sus scrofa domesticus) leg decomposition. 16S rRNA, instead of the usually applied 16S rDNA marker, was used to compare the metabolically active bacteria, Total bacterial RNA was extracted from soil samples of three different layers on day 3,28 and 77 after the shallow burial of a pig leg. The V3 region of the 16S rRNA was amplified, analysed by RT-PCR DGGE, and compared with control soil bacterial community profiles. Statistically significant differences in soil bacterial biodiversity were observed. For the control, bacterial diversity (H') and species richness (S) of the three layers averaged 2.48 ± 0.14 (H') and 18.8 ± 2.5 (S), respectively, while for the test soil increases (p = 0.027) were recorded between day 3 (H' = 2.71 ±0.02; S = 21.3 ±2.0) and 28 (H' = 3.46 ±0.32; S = 60.3 ± 16.9), particularly in the middle (10-20 cm) and bottom (20-30 cm) soil layers. Between day 28 and 77 the diversity and richness then decreased on average for all three layers (H' = 3.43 ± 0.20; S = 60.0 ± 17.3) but remained higher than on day 3. Thus, responses in soil bacterial profiles and activity to carcass decomposition, detected and characterised by RNA-based DGGE, could be used together with RNA sequencing data, changes in physico-chemical variables (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, temperature, redox potential, water activity and pH) and conventional macroecology markers (e.g. insects and vegetation), to develop a suite of analytical protocols for different forensic scenarios.
机译：尽管出现了新的研究计划，但是与土壤微生物相关的尸体分解仍然存在重大的知识空白。然而，初步研究表明，土壤微生物群落的广泛多样性和复杂相互作用在法医应用中具有巨大潜力，例如秘密墓穴位置和验尸间隔估计。这项研究调查了猪（Sus scrofa domesticus）腿部分解过程中土壤细菌群落的变化。用16S rRNA代替通常使用的16S rDNA标记，比较代谢活性细菌。在猪腿浅埋后第3,28和77天从三个不同层的土壤样品中提取总细菌RNA。扩增16S rRNA的V3区，通过RT-PCR DGGE分析，并与对照土壤细菌群落概况进行比较。观察到土壤细菌生物多样性的统计显着差异。作为对照，三层的细菌多样性（H'）和物种丰富度（S）分别平均为2.48±0.14（H'）和18.8±2.5（S），而对于试验土壤而言，增加（p = 0.027）在第3天（H'= 2.71±0.02; S = 21.3±2.0）和28（H'= 3.46±0.32; S = 60.3±16.9）之间记录，特别是在中间（10-20 cm）和底部（20- 30厘米）土壤层。在第28天至第77天之间，所有三层的多样性和丰富度均平均下降（H'= 3.43±0.20; S = 60.0±17.3），但仍高于第3天。因此，土壤细菌剖面和activity体活性的响应通过基于RNA的DGGE进行检测和鉴定，可将其与RNA测序数据，理化变量（碳，氮，磷，温度，氧化还原电势，水活度和pH值）的变化以及常规的宏观生态标志（例如昆虫）一起使用和植被），以针对不同的法医场景开发一套分析方案。

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