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首页> 外文期刊>Forensic science international >Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of factory-produced RDX and HMX
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Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of factory-produced RDX and HMX

机译：工厂生产的RDX和HMX的碳和氮同位素比

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RDX and HMX are explosive compounds commonly used by the military and also occasionally associated with acts of terrorism. The isotopic characterization of an explosive can be a powerful approach to link evidence to an event or an explosives cache. We sampled explosive products and their reactants from commercial RDX manufacturers that used the direct nitration and/or the Bachmann synthesis process, and then analyzed these materials for carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. For manufacturers using the Bachmann process, RDX ~13C enrichment relative to the hexamine substrate was small (+0.9%o) compared to RDX produced using the direct nitration process (+8.2‰ to +12.O%o). RDX ~15N depletion relative to the nitrogen-containing substrates (~3.6‰) was smaller in the Bachmann process than in the direct nitration process (-12.6‰ to -10.6‰). The sign and scale of these differences agree with theorized mechanisms of mass-dependent fractionation. We also examined the isotopic relationship between RDX and HMX isolated from explosive samples. The delta~13C and delta~15N values of RDX generally matched those of the HMX with few exceptions, most notably from a manufacturer known to make RDX using two different synthesis processes. The range in delta~13C values of RDX in a survey of 100 samples from 12 manufacturers spanned 33%o while the range spanned by delta~15N values was 26‰; these ranges were much greater than any previously published observations. Understanding the relationship between products and reactants further explains the observed variation in industrially manufactured RDX and can be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze explosives found at a crime scene.
机译：RDX和HMX是军方常用的爆炸性化合物，有时还与恐怖主义行为有关。爆炸物的同位素表征可能是将证据链接到事件或爆炸物缓存的有效方法。我们从使用直接硝化和/或Bachmann合成过程的商业RDX制造商处采样了爆炸性产品及其反应物，然后分析了这些材料的碳和氮同位素比。对于使用巴合曼工艺的制造商而言，与使用直接硝化工艺生产的RDX相比，RDX相对于六胺底物的〜13C富集很小（+ 0.9％o）（+ 8.2‰至+ 12.0％o）。与直接硝化过程相比，巴赫曼法相对于含氮底物的RDX约15N损耗（约3.6‰）要小（-12.6‰至-10.6‰）。这些差异的迹象和规模与质量依赖性分级分离的理论机制相符。我们还研究了从爆炸性样品中分离出的RDX和HMX之间的同位素关系。 RDX的delta〜13C和delta〜15N值通常与HMX的值相匹配，只有少数例外，最著名的是制造商使用两种不同的合成工艺制造RDX。在对12家制造商的100个样本进行的调查中，RDX的δ〜13C值范围跨越33％o，而δ〜15N值跨越范围26‰。这些范围比任何以前发表的观察结果要大得多。了解产物与反应物之间的关系进一步解释了在工业生产的RDX中观察到的变化，并且可以用作分析犯罪现场发现的爆炸物的诊断工具。

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