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The prevalence of drugs in injured drivers

机译：受伤驾驶员中的毒品流行

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In mid 2009 Victoria introduced compulsory drug testing of blood taken from all injured drivers taken to hospital. Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), methylamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine (MDMA) are prohibited and if drivers are positive to any amount an automatic penalty is enforced. Laboratory screens were conducted on preserved blood using ELISA testing for cannabis metabolite and methylamphetamines and a fully validated LC-MS/MS method for 105 drugs including THC, amphetamines, opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and antipsychotics and a number of other psychoactive substances using a minimum of two transitions per drug. Conventional GC-testing for ethanol was used to screen and quantify the presence of alcohol. 1714 drivers were tested and showed alcohol in 29% (≥0.01g/100mL) and drugs in 35%. The positive rate for the three drugs prohibited by legislation was 12.5%. The prevalence of THC, MA and MDMA was 9.8%, 3.1%, and 0.8%, respectively. The range of THC concentrations in blood was 2-42ng/mL (median 7) of which 70% had a concentration of 10ng/mL or higher. The range of concentrations for MA and MDMA was 0.02-0.4 and 0.03-0.3mg/L (median for both drugs was 0.05mg/L). Drugs of any type were detected in 35% of cases. The other drugs were largely prescribed drugs such as the antidepressants (9.3%) and benzodiazepines (8.9%). Neither 6-acetylmorphine nor cocaine (or benzoylecgonine) was detected in these cases.
机译：2009年中期，维多利亚州对所有送往医院的受伤驾驶员的血液进行了强制性药物测试。禁止使用Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC），甲基苯丙胺（MA）和3,4-亚甲二氧基-甲基苯丙胺（MDMA），并且如果驾驶员的阳性反应为任何量，将自动判罚。使用ELISA检测大麻代谢物和甲基苯丙胺对保存的血液进行实验室筛查，并使用最低限度的最低限度的最低含量的经充分验证的LC-MS / MS方法检测105种药物，包括四氢大麻酚，苯丙胺，阿片类药物，苯二氮卓类药物，抗抑郁药和抗精神病药以及许多其他精神活性物质每个药物的两个转换中的一个。使用常规的乙醇GC检测方法来筛选和量化酒精的存在。对1714位驾驶员进行了测试，结果显示酒精度为29％（≥0.01g/ 100mL），药物为35％。立法禁止的三种药物的阳性率为12.5％。 THC，MA和MDMA的患病率分别为9.8％，3.1％和0.8％。血液中THC浓度范围为2-42ng / mL（中位数7），其中70％的THC浓度为10ng / mL或更高。 MA和MDMA的浓度范围为0.02-0.4和0.03-0.3mg / L（两种药物的中位数为0.05mg / L）。在35％的病例中检测到任何类型的药物。其他药物大多是处方药，例如抗抑郁药（9.3％）和苯二氮卓类药物（8.9％）。在这些情况下，均未检测到6-乙酰吗啡或可卡因（或苯甲酰芽子碱）。

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