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首页> 外文期刊>Folia neuropathologica >Biopathology of astrocytes in human traumatic and complicated brain injuries. Review and hypothesis
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Biopathology of astrocytes in human traumatic and complicated brain injuries. Review and hypothesis

机译：星形胶质细胞在人类创伤和复杂性脑损伤中的生物病理学。回顾与假设

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摘要

The biopathology of astrocyte cells in severe human brain traumatic injuries complicated with subdural and epidural haematoma and hygroma is reviewed. Clear and dense oedematous and hypertrophic reactive astrocytes are distinguished in severe primary traumatic vasogenic and secondary cytotoxic brain oedema. Swollen perineuronal astrocytes appear compressing and indenting clear and dark degenerated pyramidal and non-pyramidal nerve cells, degenerated myelinated axons and synaptic contacts. Hypertrophic astrocytes display dense cytoplasm and contain numerous rosettes of alpha, beta- and gamma-type glycogen granules, swollen mitochondria, dilated smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, oedematous Golgi apparatus, microtubules, gliofilaments, intermediate filaments, lysosomes and liposomes. The perisynaptic astrocyte ensheathment of synaptic contacts, containing beta type-glycogen granules, can be traced in the neuropil, surrounding swollen, bead-shaped dendritic profiles, and degenerated myelinated axons. This perisynaptic glial layer is absent in severe oedematous regions. The glycogen-rich and glycogendepleted perivascular astrocyte end-feet appear attached or dissociated from the capillary basement membrane. Phagocytic astrocytes can be seen engulfing degenerated synaptic contacts, necrotic membranes, degenerated myelinated axons, and myelin ovoids. Lipofuscin-rich astrocytes are also observed. The interastrocytary gap junctions appear either widened, fused or fragmented.
机译：本文综述了星形胶质细胞在重度人脑外伤后并发硬膜下和硬膜外血肿及潮气肿的生物学病理学。透明和致密的水肿和肥厚的反应性星形胶质细胞在严重的原发性创伤性血管生成和继发性细胞毒性脑水肿中具有明显的特征。周围神经元星形胶质细胞肿胀，压迫和压迫清晰和黑暗的退化的锥体和非锥体神经细胞，退化的髓鞘轴突和突触接触。肥大的星形胶质细胞显示密集的细胞质，并包含大量的玫瑰花环，包括α，β和γ型糖原颗粒，线粒体肿胀，内质网扩张和粗糙，水肿的高尔基体，微管，神经丝，中间丝，溶酶体和脂质体。突触周围的突触周围星形胶质细胞包膜，包含β型糖原颗粒，可以追溯到神经纤维，周围肿胀，呈珠状的树突状分布以及变性的髓鞘轴突中。在严重的水肿区域，该突触周围神经胶质层不存在。富含糖原和糖原耗尽的血管周围星形胶质细胞的终末脚似乎附着在毛细血管基底膜上或从毛细血管基底膜上解离。可以看到吞噬性星形胶质细胞吞噬退化的突触接触，坏死的膜，退化的髓鞘轴突和髓磷脂卵圆形。还观察到富含脂褐素的星形胶质细胞。星形细胞间隙间隙连接似乎变宽，融合或破碎。

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