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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology >Respiratory motor activity: influence of neuromodulators and implications for sleep disordered breathing.
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Respiratory motor activity: influence of neuromodulators and implications for sleep disordered breathing.

机译：呼吸运动活动：神经调节剂的影响以及对睡眠呼吸紊乱的影响。

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摘要

Sleep, especially rapid-eye-movement sleep, causes fundamental modifications of respiratory muscle activity and control mechanisms, modifications that can predispose individuals to sleep-related breathing disorders. One of the most common of these disorders is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that affects approximately 4% of adults. OSA is caused by repeated episodes of pharyngeal airway obstruction that can occur hundreds of times per night, leading to recurrent asphyxia, arousals from sleep, daytime sleepiness, and adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular consequences. OSA is caused by the effects of sleep on pharyngeal muscle tone in individuals with already narrow upper airways. Moreover, since OSA occurs only in sleep, this disorder by definition is a state-dependent process ultimately caused by the influence of sleep neural mechanisms on the activity of pharyngeal motoneurons. This review synthesizes recent findings relating to control of pharyngeal muscle activity across sleep-wake states, with special emphasis on the influence of neuromodulators acting at the hypoglossal motor nucleus that inervates the genioglossus muscle of the tongue. The results of such basic physiological studies may be relevant to identifying and developing new pharmacological strategies to augment pharyngeal muscle activity in sleep, especially rapid-eye-movement sleep, as potential treatments for OSA.
机译：睡眠，尤其是快速眼动睡眠，会引起呼吸肌活动和控制机制的根本改变，这种改变会使个人容易陷入与睡眠有关的呼吸系统疾病。这些疾病中最常见的一种是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA），其影响约4％的成年人。 OSA是由反复发作的咽气道阻塞引起的，每晚发作数百次，导致反复窒息，睡眠唤醒，白天嗜睡以及不良的心血管和脑血管后果。 OSA是由睡眠对上呼吸道已经狭窄的个体的咽肌张力造成的。此外，由于OSA仅在睡眠中发生，因此从定义上讲，该疾病是一种状态依赖性过程，最终是由睡眠神经机制对咽运动神经元活动的影响引起的。这篇综述综合了有关在整个睡眠-清醒状态下控制咽部肌肉活动的最新发现，并特别强调了神经调节剂作用于舌下舌肌的神经功能减退运动神经核。这些基本生理学研究的结果可能与确定和开发新的药理策略有关，以增强睡眠中咽肌的活动，尤其是快速眼动睡眠，作为OSA的潜在治疗方法。

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