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首页> 外文期刊>Forest Pathology >Association of Sphaeropsis sapinea with insect-damaged red pine shoots and cones
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Association of Sphaeropsis sapinea with insect-damaged red pine shoots and cones

机译：剑兰与昆虫破坏的红松枝和视锥细胞的关联

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摘要

The association of the shoot blight and canker pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea with red pine (Pinus resinosa ) shoots and cones damaged by insects (especially Dioryctria sp.) was investigated. Samples from a single plantation approximately 35 years old, in Sauk Co., Wisconsin and also from three plantations, between approximately 40 and 50 years old, located in an area of pine shoot moth activity in the preceding year in Adams Co., Wisconsin were visually examined. Samples were arbitrarily collected from trees felled in the first plantation in May. Pycnidia of S. sapinea and insect damage were observed on 56 of 91 (62%) of closed cones and 17 of 165 (7%) of previous year's shoots. In the absence of insect damage, pycnidia of the pathogen were identified only on eight of 91 (9%) closed cones and never on previous year's shoots. In each of the other three plantations, 10 trees were located at intervals along transects in mid-June; one branch from the lower half of the crown per tree was pruned off, and both current and previous year's shoots were examined. Insect damage and S. sapinea pycnidia were too rare on current year's shoots to draw any conclusions. Insect damage occurred on 20-40% of over 2000 previous year's shoots that were examined, but pycnidia of the pathogen were identified on only about 5%. Although infrequent, S. sapinea was identified in association with insect-damaged previous year's shoots from these three plantations three times more frequently than those without insect damage. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers from eight randomly selected isolates were consistent with the A group of S. sapinea , which can be aggressive on red pine. This ability to exploit insect-damaged shoots may facilitate long-term persistence of S. sapinea at low disease incidence and severity. The potential role of insect wounds as infection courts and insects as vectors of this important pathogen of pines deserves further study.
机译：研究了枯萎病和溃疡病病原体Sphaeropsis sapinea与被昆虫（尤其是Dioryctria sp。）破坏的赤松（Pinus resinosa）新芽和视锥的关系。分别来自威斯康星州Sauk Co.的大约35年历史的一个人工林以及威斯康星州Adams Co.的去年大约40至50年的三个人工林的样品，这三个人工林位于威斯康星州Adams Co.的松枝蛾活动区域。目视检查。从5月份第一种植园砍伐的树木中随意收集了样品。去年的新芽中91个中的56个（62％）和165个中的17个（7％）中观察到了南美五倍体的伪孢子虫和昆虫危害。在没有昆虫危害的情况下，仅在91个封闭圆锥体中的8个（占9％）中发现了病原体的pynicidia，而在去年的芽中则从未发现。在其他三个种植园中，6月中旬沿着样带每隔10棵树定位;从树冠下半部的一个树枝上修剪下来，并检查了当年和去年的芽。在当年的新梢上，昆虫的危害和剑兰葡萄球菌很少见，因此无法得出任何结论。在检查的2000多棵去年的新芽中，有20-40％发生了昆虫破坏，但仅在5％上才发现了病原体的股癣。尽管很少见，但在这三个种植园中发现沙宾葡萄球菌与受到昆虫破坏的上一年的新芽相关，其发生频率是未受到昆虫破坏的三倍。来自八个随机选择的分离株的随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记与A组的S. sapinea一致，S。sapinea对红松具有攻击性。这种利用受虫害侵害的芽的能力可以在较低的疾病发生率和严重性下促进沙宾葡萄球菌的长期持久性。昆虫伤口作为感染场的潜在作用以及昆虫作为这种重要的松树病原体的媒介的潜在作用值得进一步研究。

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