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首页> 外文期刊>Foundations of chemistry >Explaining Models: Theoretical and Phenomenological Models and Their Role for the First Explanation of the Hydrogen Spectrum
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Explaining Models: Theoretical and Phenomenological Models and Their Role for the First Explanation of the Hydrogen Spectrum

机译：解释模型：理论和现象学模型及其对氢光谱的首次解释的作用

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Traditional nomological accounts of scientific explanation have assumed that a good scientific explanation consists in the derivation of the explanandum’s description from theory (plus antecedent conditions). But in more recent philosophy of science the adequacy of this approach has been challenged, because the relation between theory and phenomena in actual scientific practice turns out to be more intricate. This critique is here examined for an explanatory paradigm that was groundbreaking for 20th century physics and chemistry (and their interrelation): Bohr’s first model of the atom and its explanatory relevance for the spectrum of hydrogen. First, the model itself is analysed with respect to the principles and assumptions that enter into its premises. Thereafter, the origin of the model’s explanandum is investigated. It can be shown that the explained “phenomenon” is itself the product of a host of modelling accomplishments that stem from an experimental tradition related to 19th century chemistry, viz. spectroscopy. The relation between theory and phenomenon is thus mediated in a twofold way: by (Bohr’s) theoretical model and a phenomenological model from spectroscopy. In the final section of the paper an account is outlined that nevertheless permits us to acknowledge this important physico-chemical achievement as a case of (nomological) explanation.
机译：传统的对科学解释的经济学解释认为，良好的科学解释在于从理论（加上先决条件）推导对解释的描述。但是在最近的科学哲学中，这种方法的适用性受到了挑战，因为实际科学实践中的理论与现象之间的关系变得更加复杂。在这里，对这种批评进行了研究，以寻找一种解释范式，该范式在20世纪的物理学和化学（及其相互关系）方面具有开创性：玻尔的第一个原子模型及其对氢光谱的解释意义。首先，根据进入其前提的原理和假设对模型本身进行分析。此后，对模型解释的起源进行了研究。可以证明，解释的“现象”本身就是许多建模成就的产物，这些成就源自与19世纪化学相关的实验传统。光谱学。因此，理论与现象之间的关系可以通过两种方式进行调解：（玻尔的）理论模型和光谱学的现象学模型。在本文的最后一部分中，概述了一个帐户，尽管如此，但仍使我们能够将这一重要的理化成就作为（法理）解释的一个例子。

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