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Prospect hunting below Deccan basalt: imaging challenges and solutions

机译：在Deccan玄武岩下寻找前景：成像挑战和解决方案

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摘要

Thick Mesozoic sediments under the basalt cover of the Deccan traps along the northwest coast of India are considered to be potential targets for hydrocarbon exploration together with the Indus basin of Pakistan. Sub-basalt seismic imaging is difficult in these formations, as the Deccan traps are composed of multilayered lava flows. Seismic imaging issues associated with high velocity basalt include: 1. Multiples generated in interbedded units of basalt and between the top of the basalt and the sea floor. 2. Energy scattering from and absorption by heterogeneities. 3. Wave mode conversion at the top of the basalt. Radon-based analysis can solve some of the difficulties related to multiples. The use of low frequency sources and multi-component technology are other methods commonly suggested to improve sub-basalt imaging. The Deccan basalt area is very heterogeneous and has not been mapped effectively by high resolution seismic. At present, only standard streamer data are available in this area. Model-based imaging together with other methods can improve the sub-basalt image and add confidence in the reservoir modelling. Imaging challenges in this setting are discussed using examples from the Kutch basin on the northwest coast of India, where the primary reservoir (Bhuj formation) is overlain by thick basalt.
机译：沿印度西北海岸的Deccan井的玄武岩覆盖下的厚中生代沉积物与巴基斯坦的印度河盆地一起被认为是油气勘探的潜在目标。由于Deccan圈闭由多层熔岩流组成，因此在这些地层中进行玄武岩地震成像很困难。与高速玄武岩有关的地震成像问题包括：1.在玄武岩的互层单元中以及玄武岩顶部和海床之间产生的倍数。 2.能量从异质性散射和吸收。 3.玄武岩顶部的波浪模式转换。基于的分析可以解决与倍数相关的一些困难。通常建议使用低频源和多分量技术来改善次玄武岩成像。 Deccan玄武岩地区非常异质，尚未通过高分辨率地震有效地映射。目前，该区域仅提供标准的流光数据。基于模型的成像以及其他方法可以改善玄武岩图像，并增加对储层建模的信心。本文以印度西北海岸的库奇盆地为例，讨论了这种环境下的成像挑战，那里的主要储层（布杰组）被厚厚的玄武岩覆盖。

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