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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology >Conditioned responses elicited by experimentally produced cues for smoking.
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Conditioned responses elicited by experimentally produced cues for smoking.

机译：通过实验产生的吸烟线索引发条件反应。

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摘要

Several theories of drug-craving postulate that a signal for drug elicits conditioned responses. However, depending on the theory, a drug cue is said to elicit drug similar, drug compensatory, positive motivational, and negative motivational effects. Since animal data alone cannot tease apart the relative importance of different cue-related processes in the addict, we developed and examined a model of drug cues in the human based on a two-sound, differential conditioning procedure using smoking as the reinforcer. After multiple pairings of a sound with smoking, there was a preference for the smoking cue on a conditioned preference test. The acute effects of smoking (increased heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance level, skin conductance fluctuations, EEG beta power and trapezius EMG, decreased alpha power) were not affected by the smoking cue, although subjects drew more on their cigarette in the presence of the smoking cue than in the presence of a control cue. Moreover, the cue did not change baseline behaviour except for a possible increase in EEG beta power and an increase in trapezius EMG at about the time when smoking should have occurred. The findings confirm the value of experimental models of drug cues in the human for comparing different cue phenomena in the dependent individual. They indicate that an acquired signal for drug in the human may elicit incentive motivational effects and associated preparatory motor responses in addition to possible conditioned tolerance.
机译：渴望毒品的几种理论认为，毒品信号会引发条件性反应。但是，根据理论，药物提示被认为会引起相似的，药物补偿的，积极的动机和消极的动机效应。由于仅凭动物数据无法说明吸毒成瘾者中与提示相关的不同过程的相对重要性，因此我们基于两种不同的，以吸烟为增强剂的调节程序，开发并检验了人类吸毒提示的模型。在将吸烟声音与多个声音配对之后，在条件偏好测试中对吸烟提示有偏好。吸烟的急性影响（心率，呼吸频率，皮肤电导水平，皮肤电导波动，EEGβ能量和斜方肌肌电图，α能量降低）的急性影响不受吸烟提示的影响，尽管受试者在场时在香烟上吸了更多烟比在有控制提示的情况下要多。此外，该提示没有改变基线行为，除了在应该吸烟的时候可能增加了脑电图的β能力和增加了斜方肌的肌电图。这些发现证实了药物线索对人的实验模型对于比较依赖个体中不同线索现象的价值。他们表明，除了可能的条件耐受性外，人类获得的药物信号还可能引起激励性动机效应和相关的预备运动反应。

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