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Importance of conceptual geological models in 3D reservoir modelling

机译：概念性地质模型在3D油藏建模中的重要性

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Conceptual Geological Models (CGM's) represent geological knowledge and are traditionally visualized by 2D geologic cross-sections. Construction of CGMs is a non-linear and complex process which involves application of geological rules and experi-ence. These models describe essential features of geological situations, illustrate the principal processes of the petroleum system, and provide important information about reservoir characteristics, pressure and fluid flow of the field under study. The CGMs are being extensively used as the key input for 3D reservoir modelling and simulation at different stages of E&P projects. A fully integrated CGM building process consists of at least four stages: construction of one or more structural models, identification of depositional models, construction of sedimentary facies models and finally building of diagenetic facies models. This process requires integration of geological, geochemical, geophysical, and petrophysical data along with information from well testing and production into a comprehensive model describing the physical features of the geologic system. This paper briefly describes the different components of CGM and the model building process. The importance of integrating CGM in the 3D reservoir models has been demonstrated through an example of siliciclastic reservoir. This reservoir has complex internal sedimentary distribution and stratigraphy which leads to high subsurface uncertainties. The study shows that different possible conceptual geologic scenarios provide significantly different Hydrocarbon-In-Place, recoverable resources and production forecasts. Therefore, the successful application of appropriate CGM's is critical for better 3D reservoir characterization and modelling which enables us to identify and rank the key reservoir uncertainties and assess their impact, establish interdependency of spatial property distribution, make volumetric assessments, plan the number and location of wells including their drainage area, optimize recovery efficiency and obtain reliable production forecasts.
机译：概念地质模型（CGM）代表地质知识，传统上通过2D地质横截面可视化。 CGM的建造是一个非线性且复杂的过程，涉及地质规则和经验的应用。这些模型描述了地质情况的基本特征，阐明了石油系统的主要过程，并提供了有关所研究油田的储层特征，压力和流体流动的重要信息。在勘探开发项目的不同阶段，CGM被广泛用作3D储层建模和仿真的关键输入。完全集成的CGM构造过程至少包括四个阶段：构造一个或多个结构模型，识别沉积模型，构造沉积相模型以及最后建立成岩相模型。此过程需要将地质，地球化学，地球物理和岩石物理数据以及来自试井和生产的信息整合到描述地质系统物理特征的综合模型中。本文简要介绍了CGM的不同组成部分和模型构建过程。通过硅质碎屑岩储层实例证明了将CGM集成到3D储层模型中的重要性。该油藏内部沉积物分布和地层复杂，导致地下不确定性较高。研究表明，不同的可能的地质概念场景提供了不同的就地油气，可采资源和产量预测。因此，成功应用适当的CGM对于更好的3D储层表征和建模至关重要，这使我们能够识别和确定关键储层的不确定性并对其影响进行评估，建立空间属性分布的相互依赖性，进行体积评估，计划储层的数量和位置。井及其排水区域，优化采收率并获得可靠的产量预测。

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