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Synergies and tradeoffs between cash crop production and food security: a case study in rural Ghana

机译：经济作物生产与粮食安全之间的协同增效与权衡：以加纳农村为例

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Despite dramatic improvements in global crop yields over the past half-century, chronic food insecurity persists in many parts of the world. Farming crops for sale (cash cropping) has been recommended as a way to increase income that can, in turn, improve food security for smallholder farmers. Despite long-term efforts by development agencies and government to promote cash cropping, there is limited evidence documenting a relationship between these crops and the food security of households cultivating them. We used a mixed methods approach to build a case study to assess these relationships by collecting quantitative and qualitative data from cacao and oil palm farmers in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Three dimensions of food security were considered: food availability, measured by the months in a year households reported inadequate food; food access, indicated by the coping strategies they employed to secure sufficient food; and food utilization, gauged by the diversity of household diets and anthropometric measurements of child nutritional status. We found significant negative relationships between each of these pillars of food security and a household's intensity of cash crop production, measured by both quantity and area. A qualitative assessment indicated community perception of these tradeoffs and identified potential mechanisms, including increasing food prices and competing activities for land use, as underlying causes. The adverse relationship between cash crop production and household food security observed in this paper calls for caution; results suggest that positive relationships cannot be assumed, and that further empirical evidence is needed to better understand these tradeoffs
机译：尽管在过去的半个世纪中，全球农作物的产量有了显着提高，但世界许多地方仍然存在长期的粮食不安全状况。有人建议出售农作物（现金作物）作为增加收入的一种方式，从而可以改善小农的粮食安全。尽管发展机构和政府为促进经济作物做出长期努力，但很少有证据表明这些作物与种植它们的家庭的粮食安全之间存在联系。我们使用混合方法构建案例研究，通过收集加纳阿散蒂地区可可和油棕农的定量和定性数据来评估这些关系。考虑了粮食安全的三个方面：粮食可供量，按家庭报告粮食不足的一年中的月份来衡量;他们获得足够食物的应对策略表明了食物的获取;以及食物的利用率，由家庭饮食的多样性和对儿童营养状况的人体测量来衡量。我们发现，在粮食安全的所有这些支柱中，每一个与家庭的经济作物生产强度之间都存在着显着的负相关关系，该关系可以通过数量和面积来衡量。定性评估表明社区对这些权衡取舍，并确定了潜在的机制，其中包括食品价格上涨和土地利用竞争活动是根本原因。本文所观察到的经济作物产量与家庭粮食安全之间的不利关系需要引起注意;结果表明不能假设正相关，需要进一步的经验证据才能更好地理解这些折衷

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