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Role of geophysics in glacial hazard assessment

机译：地球物理学在冰川危害评估中的作用

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Climate change, whatever its causes, is resulting in the recession of glaciers (e.g. IPCC, 2001) and the development of glacial lakes in high mountain chains across the world. As time progresses, more lakes are forming and lake volumes are increasing. In parallel with this, catastrophic failure of terminal moraines damming such lakes is occurring increasingly frequently especially in the Himalayas, with recent examples also in the Alps and the North American Rockies, among other areas. In a typical glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), some 15-50 million m3 of water and debris can be disgorged downstream causing widespread damage and destruction, in some cases for hundreds of kilometres. Peak discharges can exceed 10,000 m3/sec down river channels more often used to dealing with less than a few hundred m3/sec even during peak monsoon flows. Flood waves tens of metres high can travel at speeds of tens of kilometres per hour, with flood durations lasting from one to several days. The effects of such events can last for decades.
机译：气候变化无论其原因如何，都导致冰川的衰退（例如IPCC，2001年）以及全球高山山脉中冰川湖的发展。随着时间的流逝，更多的湖泊在形成，湖泊的体积在增加。与此相伴的是，阻塞这些湖泊的终端冰川的灾难性破坏越来越频繁地发生，特别是在喜马拉雅山，阿尔卑斯山和北美落基山脉等地区也有最近的例子。在典型的冰川湖爆发洪水（GLOF）中，约有15-50百万立方米的水和碎屑会散落到下游，从而造成广泛的破坏和破坏，有时甚至长达数百公里。高峰流量可能超过10,000立方米/秒，而在季风高峰期，更经常被用来处理少于几百立方米/秒的下游河道。数十米高的洪水波可以每小时数十公里的速度传播，洪水持续时间长达一到几天。此类事件的影响可能持续数十年。

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