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Sub-basalt imaging via pre-stack depth migration - an example from the Slyne Basin, offshore Ireland

机译：通过叠前深度偏移进行玄武岩成像-以爱尔兰近海的斯莱恩盆地为例

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摘要

Sub-basalt seismic imaging is proving to be a major challenge for hydrocarbon exploration efforts along the NE Atlantic margin. Many of the prospective basins along this margin, from Norway to Ireland, are characterized by extensive igneous activity of Early Tertiary age, which has resulted in the intrusive and/or extrusive emplacement within the sedimentary column of basaltic sills, dykes and lava flows (White & McKenzie 1989). These basaltic layers can vary in thickness and stratigraphic position. In most cases the 'geophysical diagnosis' is the same-the presence of a relatively high-velocity basalt layer results in the degradation of the seismic image of pre-Tertiary structure and stratigraphy, when conventional seismic acquisition and processing techniques are employed. Aspects of the subbasalt imaging problem include: high impedance contrasts between sediments and basalt generating strong reflections (which mask weaker events) and strong interbed multiple trains; lack of signal penetration due to attenuation, energy scattering and high levels of refraction; mode conversion with resulting energy losses. Possible methodologies for improving the sub basalt image include: 2D acquisition of long-offset data via OBS or dual-ship profiling (White et al. 1999), 2D recording and identification of converted waves (Li & MacBeth 1997), low frequency 3D acquisition combined with Radon demultiple (Dancer & Pillar 2001). In this paper we describe an approach to Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) which has been used to improve the subbasalt image on selected 2D seismic lines in one of the Irish Atlantic margin basins.
机译：事实证明，玄武岩地震成像是东北大西洋沿岸油气勘探工作的主要挑战。从挪威到爱尔兰，沿该边缘的许多潜在盆地都具有早期第三纪广泛的火成岩活动特征，这导致玄武岩基岩，堤坝和熔岩流的沉积柱内侵入和/或挤压成岩作用（怀特＆McKenzie 1989）。这些玄武岩层的厚度和地层位置可以变化。在大多数情况下，“地球物理诊断”是相同的-当采用常规地震采集和处理技术时，相对较高速度的玄武岩层的存在会导致第三纪构造和地层的地震图像质量下降。玄武岩成像问题的方面包括：沉积物与玄武岩之间的高阻抗对比产生强烈的反射（掩盖了较弱的事件）和强的层间多列火车。由于衰减，能量散射和高折射水平而导致信号穿透不足;模式转换，导致能量损失。改善水下玄武岩图像的可能方法包括：通过OBS或双船轮廓进行2D长时间偏移数据采集（White等人，1999），对转换波进行2D记录和识别（Li＆MacBeth 1997），低频3D采集结合Rad de倍数（Dancer＆Pillar 2001）。在本文中，我们描述了一种叠前深度偏移（PSDM）方法，该方法已用于改善爱尔兰大西洋边缘盆地之一中选定的2D地震线上的玄武岩图像。

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