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Anisotropy in the salt outcrop at Cardona,Catalonia - implications for seismic imaging

机译：加泰罗尼亚卡多纳盐岩露头的各向异性-对地震成像的意义

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摘要

The world's largest oil discoveries in recent years have been pre-salt, in reservoirs located below or close to salt bodies. It is often assumed that the salt is homogeneous and that a near-constant isotropic velocity in the salt body can be used for seismic imaging. Here we show that this simplification may be too simple. Based on field observations from an old salt mine in Spain, we estimate anisotropic parameters describing the exploited salt diapir. In its outcrop we identify a regular pattern of alternating halite and clay layers, where the thickness of each layer is close to periodic. From this observation, we estimate corresponding anisotropic parameters for this salt outcrop and find that the degree of anisotropy is moderate, of the order of 5% difference between horizontal and vertical velocities. Furthermore, we identify potential shear zones within the salt outcrop that can be mapped over distances of several hundred metres. The thicknesses of these shear zones are of the order of metres. Based on these observations, it is a huge simplification to treat salt bodies as homogeneous and isotropic for seismic imaging purposes.
机译：近年来，全球最大的石油发现是在盐体下方或附近的储层中进行了预盐处理。通常假定盐是均质的，并且盐体中接近恒定的各向同性速度可用于地震成像。在这里，我们表明这种简化可能太简单了。基于对西班牙一个老盐矿的实地观察，我们估计了描述被开采盐盐的各向异性参数。在其露头中，我们确定了交替变化的岩盐和粘土层的规则图案，其中每层的厚度都接近周期性。从该观察结果中，我们估计了该盐露头的相应各向异性参数，发现各向异性程度中等，水平速度和垂直速度之间相差5％。此外，我们确定了盐露头内的潜在剪切带，这些剪切带可以在数百米的距离上绘制出来。这些剪切区的厚度约为米。基于这些观察结果，将盐体视为均质和各向同性的地震成像是一个极大的简化。

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