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首页> 外文期刊>Fish & Shellfish Immunology >Slow release cortisol implants result in impaired innate immuneTI Slow release cortisol implants result in impaired innate immune responses and higher infection prevalence following experimental challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr
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Slow release cortisol implants result in impaired innate immuneTI Slow release cortisol implants result in impaired innate immune responses and higher infection prevalence following experimental challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

机译：慢释放皮质醇植入物会削弱先天免疫力TI慢释放皮质醇植入物会导致先天免疫力受损，并在大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）parr中感染性胰腺坏死病毒的实验攻击后更高的感染率

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摘要

Stress can affect the immune system and increase susceptibility to various diseases but knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is scarce. There is a complex interaction between the immune system and the endocrine system of vertebrates. In fish, cortisol is a key hormone regulating stress response and recent studies have also suggested that this hormone can affect the immune system, where cortisol is mainly regarded as an immunosuppressive factor. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of chronically elevated levels of cortisol on the immune response and susceptibility to experimental infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Further, the effect of IPNV challenge on circulating levels of cortisol was investigated. Atlantic salmon parr were implanted intraperitoneally with sustained-release implants of bovine of cortisol (50 mu g cortisol g(-1) body weight in an implant based on vegetable lipids). Vehicle implants were used as control (sham-injected). At 45 days after implantation (DAI), fish were challenged with a low virulent isolate of IPNV (by immersion). Samples of plasma, liver and head kidney was taken from fish before and 24 h, 48 h, 7 days week and 21 days post infection (DPI). Cortisol level in plasma was measured using radioimmunoassay and gene expression in liver and head kidney was analyzed with real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Infection prevalence in infected fish was assessed by virus culture and RT-PCR of head kidney samples. Cortisol implantation compared with sham-implanted fish had increased levels of plasma cortisol at 45 DAI. The relative expression of Interferon alpha-1 (IFN alpha-1), Myxo virus-1 Mx, Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), Serum amyloid A (SAA), Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) tends to be down-regulated by cortisol implantation. There was a higher prevalence of fish with detectable levels of IPNV, as measured by cell culture and RT-PCR, in the cortisol-implanted group challenged with IPNV (0 = 0.0305) relative to the group that received a sham implantation. Further, cortisol seems to delay the induction of the antiviral IFN alpha-1 pathway and Mx mRNA expression. This study shows that elevated plasma cortisol level leads to an impaired innate immune response, and higher virus (IPNV) prevalence in Atlantic salmon parr
机译：压力会影响免疫系统并增加对各种疾病的敏感性，但是对潜在机制的了解却很少。脊椎动物的免疫系统和内分泌系统之间存在复杂的相互作用。在鱼类中，皮质醇是调节压力反应的关键激素，最近的研究也表明，这种激素可以影响免疫系统，而皮质醇主要被认为是免疫抑制因子。本研究的目的是检查长期升高的皮质醇水平对感染性胰腺坏死病毒（IPNV）实验性感染的免疫反应和敏感性的影响。此外，研究了IPNV攻击对皮质醇循环水平的影响。大西洋鲑parr腹膜内植入牛皮质醇的缓释植入物（基于植物脂质的植入物中体重为50μg皮质醇g（-1）体重）。媒介物植入物用作对照（假注射）。植入后第45天（DAI），用低毒性IPNV分离株（通过浸泡）攻击鱼类。在感染前和感染后24小时，48小时，7天和21天从鱼中采集血浆，肝和头肾的样品。使用放射免疫测定法测定血浆中的皮质醇水平，并通过实时PCR（RT-PCR）分析肝脏和头肾中的基因表达。通过病毒培养和头部肾脏样品的RT-PCR评估感染鱼中的感染率。与假手术植入的鱼相比，皮质醇的植入在45 DAI时血浆皮质醇水平升高。干扰素α-1（IFNα-1），粘液病毒1 Mx，热休克蛋白70（HSP70），血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA），糖皮质激素受体（GR）和热休克蛋白90（HSP90）的相对表达）容易因皮质醇植入而下调。通过细胞培养和RT-PCR检测，在接受IPNV（0 = 0.0305）攻击的皮质醇植入组中，相对于接受假手术的组，具有可检测IPNV水平的鱼患病率更高。此外，皮质醇似乎延迟了抗病毒IFNα-1途径和Mx mRNA表达的诱导。这项研究表明，血浆皮质醇水平升高会导致先天免疫反应受损，大西洋鲑鱼中的病毒（IPNV）患病率更高

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