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Twenty-first century forestry: integratingecologically based, uneven-agedsilviculture with increased demands onforests

机译:二十一世纪的林业:将基于生态的,年龄不均的造林与对森林的需求增加结合起来

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摘要

In the 21st century, it is expected that the demands ofsociety on renewable resources, particularly forests, willincrease (Forest Europe, 2011). Forests provide not onlywood but also many other ecosystem services as well, ranging from biodiversity conservation and carbon storageto various social functions, such that any form of management needs to consider all these different factors (Foodand Agriculture Organization, 2006). Therefore, balancing increased requirements for wood with rising demandsfor ecosystem services will be one of the focal points ofsustainable management of forests in the future (UnitedNations, 2007). There are three different approaches tomanaging this balance, the first is segregation or zoning,the second is integration or 'multi-purpose' forestry andlastly there is the combination of both. The first conceptembraces an industrial approach to management, oftenexemplified by clearcutting in combination with forest reserves for ecological and social functions. In contrast, theintegrative concept includes simultaneous use of forests forvarious goods and services. Uneven-aged silviculture in itsbroadest sense is the oldest existing example of the integrative use of forest resources in temperate and boreal forests(Schütz, 1999).
机译:预计在21世纪,社会对可再生资源(尤其是森林)的需求将会增加(Forest Europe,2011)。森林不仅提供木材,而且还提供许多其他生态系统服务,从生物多样性保护和碳储存到各种社会功能,因此任何形式的管理都必须考虑所有这些不同因素(粮食及农业组织,2006年)。因此,在木材需求增加与生态系统服务需求增加之间取得平衡,将是未来森林可持续管理的重点之一(联合国,2007)。实现这种平衡有三种不同的方法,第一种是隔离或分区,第二种是整合或“多用途”林业,最后是两者的结合。第一个概念包含了一种工业管理方法,通常以与森林保护区结合起来以实现生态和社会功能为例。相反,综合概念包括同时使用森林生产各种商品和服务。从最广泛的意义上说,不平均年龄的造林是在温带和北方森林中综合利用森林资源的最古老的现有例子(Schütz,1999)。

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