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首页> 外文期刊>Forest Ecology and Management >Timber harvest and tree size near nests explains variation in nest site occupancy but not productivity in northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis)
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Timber harvest and tree size near nests explains variation in nest site occupancy but not productivity in northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis)

机译：巢穴附近的木材采伐量和树木大小解释了北部苍鹰的巢穴占用率变化，但生产力却没有变化

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Conservation concern for the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) reflects evidence that goshawks may abandon nest sites or suffer from reduced nesting success in response to some forms of timber harvest. However, this evidence is mixed and has yet to be reviewed systemically and quantitatively. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the extent to which timber harvest and tree size explain variation in goshawk productivity and site occupancy. Goshawk productivity was not significantly explained by the presence of nearby timber harvest nor by the average size of nearby trees either in North America or in Eurasia or when averaged across all studies. Effect sizes differed dramatically among studies and the average effect size was close to zero (Zr = 0.04). However, timber harvest and tree size together more strongly explained goshawk occupancy of nest sites or territories. Within studies, goshawk nest sites or territories with less timber harvest nearby or relatively larger trees were, in most cases, more likely to be occupied. When we estimated average effect sizes separately for the two continents, the averages were moderate, consistent (Zr = 0.23-0.27), and significantly > 0. When we combined studies from North America and Eurasia, average effect sizes for timber harvest (Zr = 0.24) and tree size (Zr = 0.25) were similar in strength and both significantly > 0. Thus taken together, our results suggest that although both timber harvest and a lack of large trees are associated with lower occupancy by nesting goshawks, pairs that nest near timber harvest or in small trees have indistinguishable nesting success from pairs nesting in large trees or farther from timber harvest. We found substantial heterogeneity in results among studies, especially within North America, which is not surprising given that studies differed greatly in research methods, forest type, and forest management. In conclusion, our results suggest goshawk nest sites in populations of conservation concern, such as A. g. laingi, may need more protection from timber harvest than they are currently receiving. Equally important, to better understand effects of forest management on goshawks, we recommend additional studies designed to: (1) better identify the spatial and temporal extent of the effect of timber harvest on goshawk site occupancy; and (2) determine what goshawks do and where they go after a timber harvest. (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：对北部苍鹰（Accipiter gentilis）的保护问题反映出有证据表明，苍鹰可能会因某些形式的木材采伐而放弃筑巢地或筑巢成功率降低。但是，这种证据是混杂的，尚待系统和定量地审查。因此，我们进行了荟萃分析，以评估木材采伐和树木大小解释苍鹰生产力和场地占用率变化的程度。在北美或欧亚大陆，或在所有研究中取其平均值后，苍鹰的生产力并不能通过附近的木材采伐的存在或附近树木的平均大小来解释。研究之间的效应大小差异很大，平均效应大小接近零（Zr = 0.04）。但是，木材的采伐和树木的大小一起更能说明巢穴或领土的苍鹰居住情况。在研究中，在大多数情况下，苍鹰巢区或附近木材采伐量较少或树木相对较大的地区更容易被占用。当我们分别估计两个大陆的平均影响大小时，平均值是中等的，一致的（Zr = 0.23-0.27），并且显着大于0。当我们结合来自北美和欧亚大陆的研究时，木材采伐的平均影响大小（Zr = 0.24）和树木大小（Zr = 0.25）的强度相似，并且都显着大于0。因此，我们的研究结果表明，尽管木材采伐和缺少大树都与筑巢苍鹰的占用率较低相关，但成对的筑巢接近采伐木材或在小树中的筑巢成功与成对在大树中筑巢或离木材采伐远的筑巢成功无异。我们发现研究之间的结果存在很大的异质性，尤其是在北美地区，鉴于研究方法，森林类型和森林管理方面的差异很大，这并不奇怪。总而言之，我们的结果表明，在有保护意义的种群中，如A. g。的苍鹰巢址。 Laingi，可能需要比目前正在接受的木材保护更多的保护。同样重要的是，为了更好地了解森林管理对苍鹰的影响，我们建议进行其他研究，以：（1）更好地识别采伐木材对苍鹰栖息地的影响的时空范围; （2）确定苍鹰在采伐木材后会做什么以及去哪里。 （c）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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