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Discharge variability and its effect on faunisticassemblages in springs

机译：弹簧中的流量变异性及其对功能组合的影响

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Discharge variability is an important disturbance factor, and its effect on macroinvertebrate assemblages has been widely studied in river ecosystems. In comparison, few researchers have investigated discharge variability in springs because they are thought to be relatively stable ecosystems and because discharge is not easy to measure in springs. We used the gypsum-dissolution method to assess the discharge regime of 5 natural perennial springs during a 1-y study. We calculated discharge from the mass loss of gypsum spheres at a given temperature after calibration of the method in the laboratory. We also collected seasonal macroinvertebrate samples during the study period to assess the effect of discharge variability on the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages in the springs. The calibration experiments revealed significant linear relationships between mass loss and discharge. In the field experiments, we were able to differentiate springs with high discharge variability from springs with low discharge variability. Species richness was highest in springs with highest maximum discharge. Seasonal variability in macroinvertebrate assemblages was higher in these springs than in springs with low discharge variability. Discharge variability (disturbance intensity) did not influence the diversity and number of spring specialists. We found no evidence for highest diversity at an intermediate level of disturbance as predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. The gypsum dissolution method is an appropriate method for assessing short- and medium-term discharge variability in springs. The importance of discharge variability as flow-associated disturbance is expected to increase in the context of the predicted effects of changes in global climate and land use, i.e., increasing drought periods and flood events.
机译：流量变化是重要的干扰因素，在河流生态系统中，其对大型无脊椎动物种群的影响已得到广泛研究。相比之下，很少有研究者研究过春季的流量变化，因为它们被认为是相对稳定的生态系统，并且由于春季流量不易测量。在为期1年的研究中，我们使用了石膏溶解方法来评估5个天然多年生温泉的排放状况。我们在实验室中校准方法后，根据给定温度下石膏球的质量损失计算出放电量。在研究期间，我们还收集了季节性无脊椎动物样本，以评估放电变化对春季大型无脊椎动物组合物组成的影响。校准实验表明，质量损失与排放之间存在显着的线性关系。在野外实验中，我们能够区分出高放电可变性的弹簧和低放电可变性的弹簧。最大排放量最高的泉水物种丰富度最高。在这些无脊椎动物中，大型无脊椎动物组合的季节变异性高于那些具有低排放变异性的春季。流量变化（干扰强度）不影响弹簧专家的多样性和人数。正如中间干扰假设所预测的，我们没有发现在中间干扰水平上具有最高多样性的证据。石膏溶解法是评估弹簧短期和中期排放波动性的合适方法。预计在全球气候和土地利用变化的预期影响的背景下，即增加干旱期和洪水事件，排放可变性作为与流量相关的干扰的重要性将增加。

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