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首页> 外文期刊>Freshwater science >Faunal typology of lowland springs in northern GermanyPeter Martini
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Faunal typology of lowland springs in northern GermanyPeter Martini

机译：德国北部低地温泉的动物类型学彼得·马蒂尼（Peter Martini）

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Creation of spring typologies for different regions is essential for evaluating spring degradation and for restoration of headwaters. We present a regional spring typology for the German federal state Schleswig-Holstein in the Northern European Lowlands. We used a standardized physicochemical and hydromorphological protocol to map 174 near-natural springs distributed area-wide. Principal component analysis distinguished types of springs (rheocrenes, helocrenes, limnocrenes, and an intermediate type, rheohelocrenes) on the basis of water chemistry and substratum composition. The spatial distribution of the types corresponded with the regional fluvioglacial landscapes of Schleswig-Holstein (hill country, Baltic Sea margin, the high Geest, and the low Geest). The most important discriminating factors were related to water hardness and conductivity. We sampled macroinvertebrates in 60 springs (twice in 40, once in 20) selected based on type and distribution among fluvioglacial landscapes. We detected 121 taxa, most of them Hydrachnidia (25 species), Trichoptera (19), Coleoptera (19), and Gastropoda (12). Many of the species are considered rare for Schleswig-Holstein (regional red-list species). Forty-two species were restricted mainly to springs (crenobiont or crenophilous species). Average taxon richness was similar for helocrenes (23 species), rheohelocrenes (22), and rheocrenes (25), but markedly lower for limnocrenes (11). Species composition differed between rheocrenes and helocrenes and between limnocrenes and all other spring types. Faunal distinctness of rheohelocrenes was less pronounced. We were able to produce a validated spring typology founded on substratum composition, physicochemical factors, and taxon composition. This typology can serve as a guide for restoration of severely degraded springs and headwaters in Schleswig-Holstein and in similar areas of Central Europe.
机译：创建不同地区的春季类型对于评估春季退化和恢复上游水源至关重要。我们介绍了北欧低地德国联邦州石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州的区域春季类型学。我们使用标准化的理化和水形态学方案绘制了分布在整个区域的174个近天然泉水。主成分分析根据水化学和基质组成来区分弹簧的类型（流变型，千变型，纤细型和中间型，变质型）。这些类型的空间分布与石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州（丘陵地带，波罗的海边缘，高Geest和低Geest）的区域河冰景观相对应。最重要的判别因素与水的硬度和电导率有关。我们根据河流冰山景观的类型和分布选择了60个春季中的大型无脊椎动物（40个中的两倍，20个中的一个）进行采样。我们检测到121个分类单元，其中大多数为水Hy（25种），毛鳞目（19），鞘翅目（19）和腹足目（12）。对于石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州（区域红名单物种）而言，许多物种被认为是罕见的。 42种主要限于春季（crenobiont或嗜冷物种）。异戊二烯（23个物种），类异六聚体（22个）和类正构酮（25个）的平均分类单元富集度相似，但对于利基丁烯（11个）则明显较低。扁藻和六氯苯之间以及扁豆和其他所有春季类型之间的物种组成都不同。流变型六邻苯二酚的动物性区别不太明显。我们能够产生基于基质组成，理化因素和分类群组成的经过验证的春季类型学。这种类型可以作为在石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州和中欧类似地区恢复严重退化的泉水和上游水源的指南。

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