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Function of Marine Carotenoids

机译：海洋类胡萝卜素的功能

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Although an effort is made to review marine carotenoids as important bioactive compounds with reference to their presence, and chemical and biofunctional benefits, there has been a relatively little information on the impact of these carotenoids on human health. The potential beneficial effects of marine carotenoids have been studied particularly in astaxanthin and fucoxanthin as they are major marine carotenoids. Both carotenoids show strong antioxidant activity which is attributed to quenching singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. The potential role of the carotenoids as dietary anti-oxidants has been suggested to be one of the main mechanisms for their preventive effects against cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, it would be difficult to explain their biological activities only by their antioxidant activity. We have found the antiobesity and antidiabetic effects as specific and novel bio-functions of fucoxanthin. A nutrigenomic study revealed that fucoxanthin induces uncoupling protein 1 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria to lead to oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Fucoxanthin improves insulin resistance and decreases blood glucose level, at least in part, through the downregulation of tumornecrosis factor-alpha in WAT of animals. Thus, the specific regulation of fucoxanthin on a particular bio-molecule will be responsible for the characteristic chemical structures which differ depending on the length of the polyene, nature of the end group and various substituents they contain. The key structure of carotenoids for the expression of antiobesity effect was suggested to be carotenoid end of the polyene chromophore containing an allenic bond and two hydroxyl groups.
机译：尽管已针对海洋类胡萝卜素的存在及其化学和生物功能益处进行了努力，将其作为重要的生物活性化合物进行了综述，但有关这些类胡萝卜素对人类健康的影响的信息相对较少。已经研究了海洋类胡萝卜素的潜在有益作用，尤其是在虾青素和岩藻黄质中，因为它们是主要的海洋类胡萝卜素。两种类胡萝卜素均显示出强大的抗氧化活性，这归因于单线态氧的猝灭和自由基的清除。有人认为类胡萝卜素作为膳食抗氧化剂的潜在作用是其预防癌症和炎症性疾病的主要机制之一。但是，仅通过其抗氧化活性来解释其生物学活性将是困难的。我们已经发现，减肥和抗糖尿病作用是岩藻黄质的特异和新型生物功能。营养学研究表明，岩藻黄质可诱导白色脂肪组织（WAT）线粒体中的解偶联蛋白1表达，从而导致脂肪酸氧化和WAT中的热量产生。岩藻黄质至少可以通过下调动物WAT中的肿瘤坏死因子-α来改善胰岛素抵抗并降低血糖水平。因此，岩藻黄质在特定生物分子上的特定调节将负责特征化学结构，所述化学结构根据多烯的长度，端基的性质和它们所包含的各种取代基而不同。提示表达抗肥胖作用的类胡萝卜素的关键结构是含有烯键和两个羟基的多烯生色团的类胡萝卜素末端。

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