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Demographic and mutualistic responses of stream nitrogen fixers to nutrients

机译:固氮剂对养分的人口统计学和交互反应

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N_2-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric N_2 gas to biologically available forms, yet N limits primary production in many ecosystems. Despite an abundant source of N, other elements may limit N input via N_2-fixation in benthic environments. We examined how N, P, and the micronutrients Fe and Mo (cofactors of nitrogenase) might affect N _2-fixation. We used short-term nutrient additions to assess macronutrient effects on N_2-fixation of intact epilithic biofilm in Ditch Creek, Wyoming (USA). Additions of NH_4 ~+, NO3 ~-, and PO4~(3-) at varying concentrations did not alter N_2-fixation over 4 h. We assessed macro-and micronutrient effects on N_2-fixation, biofilm biomass, and composition of the biofilm algal assemblage at Ditch, Spread, and Kimball Creeks, Wyoming, via 6-wk nutrient amendments with nutrient-diffusing substrata. Fe and Mo additions did not affect N_2-fixation or biofilm biomass, but NO3~- and PO4 ~(3-) altered the biofilm biomass, algal assemblage structure, and N_2-fixation. N and P colimited biofilm biomass in Ditch Creek, and P limited biofilm biomass in Spread Creek. N_2-fixation was inhibited by NO3~- and stimulated by PO4~(3-). Inhibition by NO3 ~- was stronger than stimulation by PO4~(3-). Trends in accumulation of N_2-fixers, mostly Epithemia sorex with N _2-fixing endosymbionts, corresponded to effects of nutrient additions on N_2-fixation. The algal assemblage shifted from N _2-fixer dominance in control and P treatments to fewer N _2-fixers and increased biovolume of nonN_2-fixing diatoms in the N and N+P treatments. N_2-fixation/unit E. sorex biovolume was inhibited by NO3~- and stimulated slightly by PO4~(3-). A combination of demographic and mutualistic responses to nutrients altered N input via N_2-fixation.
机译:固定N_2的细菌将大气中的N_2气体转化为可生物利用的形式,但N限制了许多生态系统的初级生产。尽管有大量的N来源,但在底栖环境中其他元素可能会通过N_2固定来限制N输入。我们研究了氮,磷以及微量元素铁和钼(固氮酶的辅助因子)如何影响N _2固定。我们使用短期营养物添加来评估宏观营养物对怀俄明州迪奇克里克(美国)完整的上石生物膜的N_2固定的影响。 NH_4〜+,NO3〜-和PO4〜(3-)的添加量在4 h内不会改变N_2固定。我们通过使用养分扩散层的6周养分改良剂,评估了怀俄明州迪奇,Spread和Kimball Creeks对N_2固定,生物膜生物量和生物膜藻类组合物组成的宏观和微量养分效应。 Fe和Mo的添加不会影响N_2固定或生物膜的生物量,但NO3-和PO4〜(3-)改变了生物膜的生物量,藻类组装结构和N_2的固定。 N和P限制了Ditch Creek中的生物膜生物量,而P限制了Spread Creek中的生物膜生物量。 N_2固定受NO3〜-抑制,PO4〜(3-)刺激。 NO3〜-的抑制作用强于PO4〜(3-)的刺激作用。 N_2固定剂的积累趋势,主要是带有N _2固定内共生体的上皮性溃疡病,对应于营养添加对N_2固定的影响。藻类组合从对照和P处理中的N _2固定子优势转移到更少的N _2固定子,并且在N和N + P处理中增加了非N固定硅藻的生物量。 N_2固定/单位的S. sorex生物体积被NO3〜-抑制,并被PO4〜(3-)轻微刺激。对营养物的人口统计学和互惠响应相结合,通过N_2固定改变了N输入。

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