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首页> 外文期刊>Freshwater science >Hierarchical classification of stream condition: A house-neighborhood framework for establishing conservation priorities in complex riverscapes
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Hierarchical classification of stream condition: A house-neighborhood framework for establishing conservation priorities in complex riverscapes

机译：河流状况的分层分类：在复杂河流景观中建立保护重点的房屋-邻里框架

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摘要

Despite improved understanding of how aquatic organisms are influenced by environmental conditions at multiple scales, we lack a coherent multiscale approach for establishing stream conservation priorities in active coal-mining regions. We classified watershed conditions at 3 hierarchical spatial scales, following a house-neighborhood-community approach, where houses (stream segments) are embedded within neighborhoods (Hydrologic Unit Code UC-12 watersheds) embedded within communities (HUC-10 watersheds). We used this information to develop a framework to prioritize restoration and protection in two HUC-8 watersheds in an intensively mined region of the central Appalachians. We used landscape data to predict current conditions (water chemistry and macroinvertebrate biotic integrity) for all stream segments with boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis. Mining intensity, distance to mining, and coal type were the dominant predictors of water quality and biological integrity. A hardness-salinity dimension of the water-chemistry data was explained by land-cover features and stream elevation. We compiled segment-level conditions to the HUC-12 and HUC-10 watershed scales to represent aquatic resource conditions hierarchically across 3 watershed-management scales. This process enabled us to relate stream-segment watershed conditions to watershed conditions in the broader context, and ultimately to identify key protection and restoration priorities in a metacommunity context. Our hierarchical classification system explicitly identifies stream restoration and protection priorities within a HUC-12 watershed context, which ensures that the benefits of restoration will extend beyond the stream reach. Highest protection priorities are high-quality HUC-12 watersheds adjacent to low-quality HUC-12 watersheds. Highest restoration priorities are HUC-12 watersheds in poor-fair condition within HUC-10 watersheds of good-excellent condition, whereas lowest restoration priorities are isolated HUC-12 watersheds. In high-priority HUC-12 watersheds, stream segments with the highest restoration priority are those that maximize watershed-scale restorability. A similar process for classifying conditions and restoration priorities may be valuable in other heavily impacted regions where strategic approaches are needed to maximize watershed-scale recovery.
机译：尽管人们对水生生物如何在多个尺度上受到环境条件的影响有了更好的了解，但我们仍缺乏在活动的采煤地区确定河流保护优先次序的连贯多尺度方法。我们按照房屋-社区-社区的方法，在3个分层的空间尺度上对集水区条件进行了分类，其中房屋（溪流段）被嵌入社区（HUC-10集水区）中的邻里（水文单位代码UC-12集水区）。我们使用此信息来开发框架，以优先处理阿巴拉契亚中部密集矿区的两个HUC-8流域的恢复和保护。我们使用景观数据通过增强的回归树（BRT）分析来预测所有流段的当前状况（水化学和大无脊椎动物生物完整性）。采矿强度，采矿距离和煤炭类型是水质和生物完整性的主要预测指标。水化学数据的硬度-盐度维度通过土地覆盖特征和河流高度来解释。我们针对HUC-12和HUC-10流域尺度编制了段级条件，以跨3个流域管理尺度分层表示水生资源条件。这一过程使我们能够将流域分水岭条件与更广泛范围内的分水岭条件相关联，并最终确定了元社区背景下的关键保护和恢复重点。我们的分级分类系统在HUC-12流域范围内明确标识了河流的恢复和保护优先级，从而确保了恢复的好处将超出河流的范围。最高保护重点是与低质量HUC-12流域相邻的高质量HUC-12流域。恢复优先级最高的是状况良好的HUC-10流域中处于较差条件的HUC-12流域，而恢复优先级最低的是孤立的HUC-12流域。在高优先级的HUC-12流域中，恢复优先级最高的流段是使流域规模的可恢复性最大化的流段。在其他受严重影响的地区，类似的分类条件和恢复重点的过程可能很有价值，在这些地区，需要采取战略方法来最大程度地实现流域规模的恢复。

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