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首页> 外文期刊>Freshwater science >Natural abiotic factors more than anthropogenic perturbation shape the invasion of Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
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Natural abiotic factors more than anthropogenic perturbation shape the invasion of Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)

机译：天然的非生物因素比人为干扰更能影响东部蚊子（Gambusia holbrooki）的入侵

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摘要

Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) is an invasive and globally widespread species that is considered highly tolerant. We used species distribution models (SDMs) to assess factors, including the role of anthropogenic perturbation, that mediate its invasion on a regional scale. A better understanding of the important large-scale factors may help us identify future areas of concern and potential avenues for control. We built SDMs from presence records and randomly selected pseudo-absences of mosquitofish on a 10- x 10-km grid. We used 10 modeling techniques implemented in the biomod2 software and ensemble forecasts. Final models contained 12 environmental predictors, including natural environmental factors (elevation, slope, topographic index, precipitation, accumulated flow, temperature mean and range) and anthropogenic perturbation indicators (population density, urban and agricultural land uses, number of local and upstream dams). Elevation, temperature, and accumulated flow most strongly influenced mosquitofish distribution, and mosquitofish were found more frequently in downstream, warmer waters. Anthropogenic features, except the number of upstream dams, were poorer predictors of mosquitofish presence than were natural environmental factors. The best models suggested that mosquitofish are more likely to occur in areas with more dams upstream, but removing this predictor did not strongly affect model results. Restoration efforts or modifications to anthropogenic features appear unlikely to alter mosquitofish distribution patterns, highlighting the importance of preventing introductions to new areas. Mosquitofish have been extensively documented in the Iberian Peninsula, but consensus methods suggest many additional suitable areas from which records were not found. Thus, this highly invasive species is or may become much more widely distributed than current observations in the region.
机译：东部蚊子（Gambusia holbrooki）是一种入侵性植物，在全球范围内具有很高的耐受性。我们使用物种分布模型（SDM）来评估在区域范围内介导其入侵的因素，包括人为干扰的作用。对重要的大规模因素的更好理解可以帮助我们确定未来的关注领域和潜在的控制途径。我们根据在场记录和随机选择的假蚊在10-x 10公里的网格上建立SDM。我们使用了biomod2软件和整体预报中实施的10种建模技术。最终模型包含12个环境预测因子，包括自然环境因子（海拔，坡度，地形指数，降水，累积流量，温度平均值和范围）和人为扰动指标（人口密度，城市和农业土地利用，本地和上游水坝数量） 。海拔，温度和累积流量对蚊子的分布影响最大，在更温暖的下游水中发现蚊子的频率更高。除上游水坝的数量外，与自然环境因素相比，人为因素对蚊子鱼类存在的预测能力更差。最好的模型表明，在上游有更多水坝的地区更容易出现蚊鱼，但是删除此预测变量并不会强烈影响模型结果。恢复努力或对人为特征的修改似乎不太可能改变蚊鱼的分布方式，从而突出了防止引​​入新区域的重要性。蚊子在伊比利亚半岛已经有大量文献记载，但是共识方法表明还没有发现记录的许多其他合适区域。因此，与该地区目前的观察结果相比，这种高度入侵的物种分布更为广泛。

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