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Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows

机译：对变化的水流状况的生态响应：文献综述，以指导科学和管理环境水流

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1. In an effort to develop quantitative relationships between various kinds of flow alteration and ecological responses, we reviewed 165 papers published over the last four decades, with a focus on more recent papers. Our aim was to determine if general relationships could be drawn from disparate case studies in the literature that might inform environmental flows science and management.2. For all 165 papers we characterised flow alteration in terms of magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and rate of change as reported by the individual studies. Ecological responses were characterised according to taxonomic identity (macroinvertebrates, fish, riparian vegetation) and type of response ( abundance, diversity, demographic parameters). A 'qualitative' or narrative summary of the reported results strongly corroborated previous, less comprehensive, reviews by documenting strong and variable ecological responses to all types of flow alteration. Of the 165 papers, 152 (92%) reported decreased values for recorded ecological metrics in response to a variety of types of flow alteration, whereas 21 papers (13%) reported increased values.3. Fifty-five papers had information suitable for quantitative analysis of ecological response to flow alteration. Seventy per cent of these papers reported on alteration in flow magnitude, yielding a total of 65 data points suitable for analysis. The quantitative analysis provided some insight into the relative sensitivities of different ecological groups to alteration in flow magnitudes, but robust statistical relationships were not supported. Macroinvertebrates showed mixed responses to changes in flow magnitude, with abundance and diversity both increasing and decreasing in response to elevated flows and to reduced flows. Fish abundance, diversity and demographic rates consistently declined in response to both elevated and reduced flow magnitude. Riparian vegetation metrics both increased and decreased in response to reduced peak flows, with increases reflecting mostly enhanced non-woody vegetative cover or encroachment into the stream channel.4. Our analyses do not support the use of the existing global literature to develop general, transferable quantitative relationships between flow alteration and ecological response; however, they do support the inference that flow alteration is associated with ecological change and that the risk of ecological change increases with increasing magnitude of flow alteration.5. New sampling programs and analyses that target sites across well-defined gradients of flow alteration are needed to quantify ecological response and develop robust and general flow alteration-ecological response relationships. Similarly, the collection of pre- and post-alteration data for new water development programs would significantly add to our basic understanding of ecological responses to flow alteration.
机译：1.为了努力建立各种流量变化与生态响应之间的定量关系，我们回顾了过去40年中发表的165篇论文，重点是较新的论文。我们的目的是确定是否可以从文献中不同的案例研究中得出一般关系，这些案例研究可以为环境流动科学和管理提供参考。2。对于所有165篇论文，我们分别描述了流量变化的幅度，频率，持续时间，变化的时间和速率，这些都是个别研究报告的。根据分类学特征（无脊椎动物，鱼类，河岸植被）和响应类型（丰度，多样性，人口统计学参数）来表征生态响应。报告结果的“定性”或叙述性摘要，通过记录对各种流量变化的强烈而多变的生态响应，强烈证实了先前的，较不全面的评论。在165篇论文中，有152篇（92％）报告了记录的生态指标因各种流量变化而降低的值，而21篇论文（13％）报告了增加的值。3。五十五篇论文提供的信息适合定量分析流量变化的生态响应。这些论文中有70％报告了流量大小的变化，得出了总共65个适合分析的数据点。定量分析为不同生态群体对流量变化的相对敏感性提供了一些见识，但不支持可靠的统计关系。无脊椎动物对流量大小的变化表现出不同的响应，随着流量的增加和流量的减少，丰度和多样性都增加和减少。随着水流量的增加和减少，鱼的丰度，多样性和人口统计指标持续下降。河岸植被指标随着峰值流量的减少而增加和减少，增加主要反映了非木本植物植被的增加或对河道的侵蚀。4。我们的分析不支持使用现有的全球文献来发展流量变化与生态响应之间的一般性，可转移的定量关系。然而，他们的确支持这样的推论：流量变化与生态变化有关，生态变化的风险随着流量变化幅度的增加而增加。5。需要新的采样程序和分析，以跨明确定义的流量变化梯度为目标的站点，以量化生态响应并建立稳健而通用的流量变化-生态响应关系。同样，收集新水开发计划的变更前和变更后数据将大大增加我们对流量变化的生态响应的基本理解。

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