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Revealing stock-recruitment relationships in lobsters and crabs: is experimental ecology the key?

机译：揭示龙虾和螃蟹的种群招聘关系：实验生态学是关键吗？

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As is true for many fish and invertebrate fisheries, stock-recruitment relationships remain poorly understood for most commercially important species of lobsters and crabs. This paper gives a critical overview of advances in assessing the relative importance of pre- and post-settlement processes to the recruitment of 14 commercially and/or ecologically important lobsters and crabs. Three case studies (western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, and the American lobster, Homarus americanus) are used to illustrate where standard fishery survey methods, combined with field experiments, have provided insights into the form of stock-recruit relationships and the ecological processes that influence them. It is notable that larval supply-dominated cases, such as that of P. cygnus, may be less common than those dominated by post-settlement processes, such as C sapidus, in which strong compensatory processes lead to non-linear spawner-to-recruit or juvenile-to-recruit relationships. In other cases, such as H. americanus, the influence of post-settlement controls remains controversial. Significant settler or juvenile-to-recruit linkages have been reported more often than spawner-to-recruit relationships, most likely because pre-settlement processes often mask the latter. Innovative field experiments, early life stage monitoring and spatial modeling have improved our understanding of the influence of competition, predation, cannibalism, sociality and movements to the demography of some of these species. Field experiments have been more widely used by American and Australian than European investigators. Ecological experiments are not a panacea, though, and can lead to misinterpretation. especially of the relative importance of mortality and emigration. Uncertainties about age and the relevant spatial scale at which to evaluate stock-recruitment relationships have posed further challenges. This review underscores the need to design ecological studies at a geographic scale that will better reveal the stock-recruitment relationship.
机译：就像许多鱼类和无脊椎动物渔业一样，对于大多数商业上重要的龙虾和螃蟹物种，人们仍然鲜为人知。本文对评估定居前后过程对招募14个具有商业和/或生态学意义的龙虾和螃蟹的相对重要性的进展进行了重要的概述。通过三个案例研究（西部龙虾Panulirus cygnus，蓝蟹，Callinectes sapidus和美国龙虾Homarus americanus）来说明标准渔业调查方法与现场试验相结合，从而在何处提供了种群捕捞形式的见解关系和影响它们的生态过程。值得注意的是，以幼虫供应为主的案例，例如天鹅绒假单胞菌，可能比以结算后过程为主的案例（例如沙棘C）少见，在这种情况下，强有力的补偿程序导致产卵者到生产者之间存在非线性关系。招募或少年招募关系。在其他情况下，例如美洲H.，结算后控制的影响仍然存在争议。据报道，重要的定居者或少年到新兵的联系比产卵者到新兵的联系要多，最有可能的原因是，前定居过程经常掩盖后者。创新的野外实验，早期生命阶段监测和空间建模使我们对竞争，掠食，自相残杀，社交性和运动对其中某些物种的人口影响的了解得到了理解。美国和澳大利亚比欧洲的调查人员更广泛地使用现场实验。但是，生态实验不是万能的，它可能导致误解。特别是死亡率和移民的相对重要性。关于年龄和用于评估库存-招聘关系的相关空间规模的不确定性提出了进一步的挑战。这篇评论强调了在地理尺度上设计生态研究的必要性，以更好地揭示种群与招聘的关系。

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