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Effects of circle versus J-style hooks on target and non-targetspecies in a pelagic longline fishery

机译：圆形和J型钩对上层延绳钓渔业中目标物种和非目标物种的影响

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摘要

The U.S. Atlantic coastal pelagic longline fishery that targets tunas and swordfish also interacts with a wide range of non-target species including billfishes and sea turtles. Preliminary studies indicate that a change in terminal gear from J-style hooks to circle hooks may reduce bycatch mortality, but the effects of this change on catch rates of target species are unclear. To evaluate this, we monitored catch composition, catch rates, hooking location, and number of fish alive at haulback during 85 sets in the fall and spring seasonal fisheries from a commercial vessel operating in the western North Atlantic. Circle (size 16/0, 0 degree offset) and J-style (size 9/0, 10 degree offset) hooks were deployed in an alternating fashion. Hook-time recorders were used to assess time at hooking and temperature-depth recorders to measure gear behavior. Catch rates for most species categories were not significantly different between hook types (P - 0.05), although circle hooks generally had higher tuna catch rates in the fall and lower swordfish catch rates in the spring. In the fall, both total catches and catches of pelagic rays were significantly higher on J- style hooks. Yellowfin tuna in the fall and dolphinfish in the spring caught on circle hooks were significantly larger than those caught on J-style hooks. In both seasonal fisheries, circle hooks caught fishes in the mouth more frequently than J-style hooks, which hooked more often in the throat or gut, although these differences between hook types were not statistically significant. Yellowfin tuna in the fall fishery were over four times more likely to be hooked in the mouth with circle hooks than with J-style hooks. Several target and bycatch species showed higher rates of survival at haulback with circle hooks, although only for dolphinfish in the fall fishery was this difference statistically significant. Our results suggest that the use of 0 degree offset circle hooks in the coastal pelagic longline fishery will increase the survival of bycatch species at haulback with minimal effects on the catches of target species.
机译：以金枪鱼和箭鱼为目标的美国大西洋沿海中上层延绳钓渔业也与包括标鱼和海龟在内的多种非目标物种相互作用。初步研究表明，将终端装置从J型钩变为圆形钩可能会降低副渔获物的死亡率，但这种变化对目标物种渔获率的影响尚不清楚。为了对此进行评估，我们监测了北大西洋西部西部一艘商船在秋季和春季的季节性渔业中的85套渔具的捕获量组成，捕获率，上钩位置和回头活着的鱼类数量。圆形（大小为16/0，偏移量为0度）和J型样式（大小为9/0，偏移量为10）钩子是交替布置的。钩挂时间记录仪用于评估钩挂时间，而温度深度记录仪则用于测量齿轮性能。尽管钩形钩通常在秋季具有较高的金枪鱼捕捞率，而在春季具有较低的箭鱼捕捞率，但大多数种类类别的渔获率在钩类之间没有显着差异（P-0.05）。在秋季，J型鱼钩的总捕获量和远洋射线捕获量均显着增加。秋季捕获在圆钩上的黄鳍金枪鱼和春季捕获的海豚明显大于J型钩上的金枪鱼。在两个季节性渔业中，圆钩都比J型钩更频繁地在嘴中捕获鱼，J型钩更经常钩在喉咙或肠道中，尽管这些钩子类型之间的这些差异在统计上并不显着。秋季捕捞中的黄鳍金枪鱼用圆形钩钩在口中的可能性比用J型钩高四倍。尽管只有秋季捕捞的海豚鱼具有统计学意义，但几种目标和兼捕种类显示出带钩环回钩的较高存活率。我们的结果表明，在沿海中上层延绳钓渔业中使用0度偏置圆钩将增加回捕过程中兼捕物种的生存，而对目标物种的捕捞影响最小。

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