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首页> 外文期刊>Freshwater science >Chironomids as bioindicators of environmental quality inmountain springs
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Chironomids as bioindicators of environmental quality inmountain springs

机译：手足虫作为山泉环境质量的生物指标

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摘要

We analyzed responses of chironomid (Diptera:Chironomidae) communities to environmental factors in 124 natural, moderately, and highly disturbed springs in the Italian Prealps and Alps to investigate environmental factors influencing species distribution in springs and to evaluate chironomids as bioindicators of spring water quality. Self-Organizing Map analysis found differences among spring types and effects of anthropogenic pressures. Natural or little-disturbed springs at high altitude with low temperature, low conductivity, and high current velocity differed from lowland springs, including highly disturbed ones, with low current velocity and higher temperature, conductivity, and nutrient concentrations. Cold stenothermal intolerant species were clustered in the 1~(st) group, tolerant and euriecious species in the 2nd group. Indicator value analysis detected species characterizing springs with different degrees of disturbance and of different types. Most species' distributions were related to water temperature and conductivity. Coinertia Analysis (CoA) detected relationships among species structure and environmental variables. CoA axis 1 represented a gradient of water temperature, altitude, alkalinity, and conductivity and separated cold stenothermal species (Pseudokiefferiella parva, Pseudodiamesa branickii, Diamesa spp.) from species tolerant of high temperatures (Polypedilum nubeculosum, Phaenopsectra flavipes, Paratrissocladius excerptus). Axis 2 represented a hydrologic (rheocrene–limnocrene) and anthropogenic disturbance (total disturbance, agriculture, organic debris) gradient and separated species by preference for water velocity and spring type (rheocrenes: Eukiefferiella spp.; limnocrenes: Prodiamesa olivacea, Natarsia sp.), and pollution tolerance (P. nubeculosum, Macropelopia spp.). Water temperature and chemical composition affected chironomid distribution. Some species were associated with degraded (P. nubeculosum) or pristine conditions (Diamesa spp., Stilocladius montanus).
机译：我们分析了意大利Prealps和阿尔卑斯山中124个自然，中度和高度干扰的泉水中奇虫（Diptera：Chironomidae）群落对环境因子的响应，以调查影响春季物种分布的环境因素，并评价作为温泉水水质生物指标的奇虫。自组织图分析发现弹簧类型和人为压力影响之间存在差异。高海拔，低温，低电导率和高流速的天然或扰动程度低的弹簧与低地弹簧不同，包括高扰动的低地弹簧，其低流速和较高的温度，电导率和营养成分。第一组的耐冷热不耐热种聚类，第二组的耐冷性好种聚类。指标值分析可检测出具有不同干扰程度和不同类型的弹簧的特征物种。大多数物种的分布与水温和电导率有关。 Coinertia Analysis（CoA）检测到物种结构与环境变量之间的关系。 CoA轴1代表了水温，海拔，碱度和电导率的梯度，并分离了耐高温物种（Polypedilum nubeculosum，Phaenopsectra flavipes，Paratrissocladius excerptus）的冷热热物种（Pseudokiefferiella parva，Pseudodiamesa branickii，Diamesa spp。）。第2轴代表水文（大麦角藻-no烯）和人为干扰（总干扰，农业，有机碎片）梯度，并且通过优先考虑水流速度和春季类型来分离物种（r类：Eukiefferiella spp .;小no烯：Prodiamesa olivacea，Natarsia sp。）。 ，以及耐污染性（P. nubeculosum，Macropelopia spp。）。水温和化学成分影响了手性的分布。一些物种与退化的（P. nubeculosum）或原始条件（Diamesa spp。，Stilocladius montanus）有关。

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