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首页> 外文期刊>Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology >Physiological and Biochemical Regulation of Dormancy and Sprouting in Potato Tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)
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Physiological and Biochemical Regulation of Dormancy and Sprouting in Potato Tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)

机译：马铃薯块茎（Solanum tuberosum L.）的休眠和发芽的生理生化调控

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摘要

At harvest, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers are in a dormant state and do not have the ability to sprout. After harvesting, tuber dormancy is released progressively. This release is accompanied by numerous physiological and biochemical changes, such as carbohydrate hydrolysis and the accumulation of saccharides, which are detrimental to the nutritional and processing qualities of potatoes. Endogenous hormones are thought to play a significant role in the regulation of tuber dormancy and in the onset of sprouting. This review aims to describe the involvement of all major classes of endogenous hormones in tuber dormancy, as well as the physiological and biochemical changes during these steps. Based on current scientific evidence, both abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are required for the induction of dormancy, however, only ABA plays a role in maintaining bud dormancy. Moreover, an increase in cytokinin sensitivity and content appear to be the principal factor leading to the release of dormancy.Changes in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) content appear to be more closely related to the regulation of subsequent sprout growth. Physiological and biochemical changes during tuber dormancy and the termination of dormancy centre on carbohydrate levels and the activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In particular, starch breakdown, accompanied by an increase in the concentration of sucrose and reducing sugars, appears to play an important role in the onset of sprouting of tuber buds. Many of these changes are initially observed in tissues in the region of the buds, but subsequent growth of the sprout significantly affects the metabolism of tissues in other regions of the tuber. The application of dormancy-breaking chemicals, such as bromoethane, or phytohormones (GA3), to potato tubers induces metabolic changes that lead to dormancy breakage. These changes differ between treatments and also from those occurring when dormancy is broken naturally.
机译：在收获时，马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）块茎处于休眠状态，没有发芽的能力。收获后，块茎休眠逐渐释放。这种释放伴随着许多生理和生化变化，例如碳水化合物的水解和糖类的积累，这对土豆的营养和加工品质不利。内源激素被认为在调节块茎休眠和发芽中起重要作用。这篇综述旨在描述所有主要类别的内源激素在块茎休眠中的参与，以及这些步骤中的生理和生化变化。根据当前的科学证据，脱落酸（ABA）和乙烯都需要诱导休眠，但是，只有ABA在维持芽休眠中起作用。此外，细胞分裂素敏感性和含量的增加似乎是导致休眠释放的主要因素。内源性吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）和赤霉素（GA）含量的变化似乎与调节休眠有关。随后的新芽生长。块茎休眠期间的生理和生化变化以及休眠的终止集中于碳水化合物水平和参与碳水化合物代谢的酶的活性。特别地，淀粉分解，伴随着蔗糖浓度和还原糖浓度的增加，似乎在块茎芽发芽中起重要作用。这些变化中的许多变化最初是在芽区域中的组织中观察到的，但是随后芽的生长显着影响块茎其他区域中组织的代谢。在马铃薯块茎上使用诸如溴乙烷或植物激素（GA3）等破坏休眠的化学物质会引起代谢变化，从而导致破坏休眠。这些变化在处理之间以及在自然打破休眠时发生的变化都不同。

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