Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and deadliest cancers worldwide.1'2 Despite its enormous clinical relevance, therapeutic options have remained limited. No curative, systemic treatment exists to date and only limited lifespan extension can be reached by established palliative therapy, despite increased treatment options over the last years (eg, local ablative technologies, transarterial chemoembolization [TACE], sorafenib, endoradiotherapy). Curative approaches mainly reside on surgery, that is, partial liver resection or transplantation (LTX).
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