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Review: Endophyte symbiosis with tall fescue: how strong are the impacts on communities and ecosystems?

机译:评论:高羊茅内生菌共生:对社区和生态系统的影响有多强?

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摘要

We have investigated community and ecosystem consequences of endophyte symbiosis with tall fescue over the past 13 y. Lolium arundinaceum is the most abundant plant in the eastern USA, and most is infected by the wild-type KY-31 endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. We established two large experimental grasslands (in 1994 and in 2000) with endophyte-infected or endophyte-free seed sown on recently plowed herbaceous vegetation. Other plant species established by seed or vegetative fragments. No other treatments were applied and plots were subject to natural biotic and abiotic variation. A third experiment examined ecological influences on endophyte infection dynamics starting from an intermediate infection frequency. Finally, we synthesized recent literature investigating the impacts of the tall fescue endophyte on the abundance of associated arthropod species. We found wide-ranging consequences of the endophyte from significant effects on soil feedback and decomposition rates, to plant-plant competition, diversity, productivity, invasibility and succession, to plant-herbivore interactions and energy flow through the food web. Further, we found that herbivore pressure caused rapid increases in infection frequency. Our results suggest that endophyte symbiosis in tall fescue can have a transforming effect on ecological systems.
机译:在过去的13年中,我们调查了高羊茅内生菌共生的群落和生态系统后果。黑麦草是美国东部最丰富的植物,大部分被野生型KY-31内生菌新typhotyenium coenophialumum感染。我们建立了两个大型实验草原(分别在1994年和2000年),在最近耕种的草木植被上播种了被内生植物感染或不含内生植物的种子。通过种子或营养片段建立的其他植物物种。没有应用其他处理,地块受到自然生物和非生物变化的影响。第三个实验从中间感染频率开始考察了生态对内生菌感染动态的影响。最后,我们综合了研究高羊茅内生菌对相关节肢动物物种数量的影响的最新文献。我们发现了内生菌的广泛后果,包括对土壤反馈和分解速率的重大影响,对植物与植物的竞争,多样性,生产力,入侵性和演替,对植物与草食动物的相互作用以及通过食物网的能量流动。此外,我们发现草食动物的压力引起感染频率的迅速增加。我们的结果表明,高羊茅内生菌共生可能对生态系统产生转化作用。

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