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首页> 外文期刊>Fungal Biology Reviews >The mechanistic basis of self-fusion between conidial anastomosis tubes during fungal colony initiation
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The mechanistic basis of self-fusion between conidial anastomosis tubes during fungal colony initiation

机译：真菌菌落形成过程中分生孢子吻合管之间自我融合的机制基础

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The main model for studying the mechanistic basis of hyphal self-fusion is the conidial anastomosis tube (CAT) system of Neurospora crassa. CATs are specialized cell protrusions/short hyphae produced during colony initiation. They grow chemotropically towards each other and fuse to form interconnected networks of conidial germlings. CAT fusion in N. crassa is an excellent model for hyphal fusion because it is easy to analyse by live-cell imaging and is well suited for mutant analyses and experimental perturbation using pharmacological agents. o 40 mutants compromised at different stages of CAT fusion have been characterized. The CAT inducer and chemoattractant are, as yet, unidentified but have been proposed to be the same self-signalling peptide. CAT fusion requires F-actin but not microtubules, and the polarisome protein complex plays an important role in cell polarity regulation during different stages of the process. Self-signalling, in which genetically identical CATs recognize each other as different, involves what has been coined the pingpong mechanism. This entails two CATs repeatedly switching their physiological states by the oscillatory recruitment of the proteins MAK-2 and SO to CAT tips as they grow chemotropically towards each other. Once CATs make contact they adhere and the intervening cell wall is remodelled and degraded. This is followed by the merging of the two CAT plasma membranes and the formation of a fusion pore that results in cytoplasmic continuity being achieved between the fused CATs. Mutant analyses have implicated a range of other signalling pathways and processes involved in different stages of CAT fusion. These include: the Rho GTPases CDC-42 and RAC-1; the STRIPAK complex; the cell wall integrity MAP kinase pathway; redox signalling; endocytosis; and five transcription factors.
机译：研究菌丝自融合机制基础的主要模型是粗糙脉孢菌的分生孢子吻合管（CAT）系统。 CAT是在菌落形成过程中产生的特殊细胞突起/短菌丝。它们彼此趋化学生长，融合形成分生孢子的相互连接的网络。 Cr。N. assa中的CAT融合是菌丝融合的极好模型，因为它易于通过活细胞成像进行分析，非常适合于突变分析和使用药理学的实验扰动。已经鉴定了40种在CAT融合的不同阶段受损的突变体。 CAT诱导剂和化学引诱剂尚未确定，但已提出是相同的自信号肽。 CAT融合需要F-肌动蛋白而不是微管，并且极化小体蛋白复合物在该过程的不同阶段在细胞极性调节中起着重要作用。自我信号传递（在基因上相同的CAT彼此识别为不同信号）涉及乒乓机制。这需要两个CAT通过将蛋白质MAK-2和SO振荡招募到CAT尖端而反复地切换其生理状态，因为它们彼此趋向于化学趋向生长。一旦CAT接触，它们就会粘附，并且中间的细胞壁会被重塑和降解。接下来是两个CAT质膜的融合，形成融合孔，导致融合的CAT之间达到细胞质连续性。突变分析已暗示了CAT融合不同阶段涉及的一系列其他信号途径和过程。其中包括：Rho GTPases CDC-42和RAC-1; STRIPAK复合体;细胞壁完整性MAP激酶途径;氧化还原信号;内吞和五个转录因子。

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