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首页> 外文期刊>Fungal Biology Reviews >Are there edge effects on forest fungi and if so do they matter?
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Are there edge effects on forest fungi and if so do they matter?

机译：森林真菌是否有边缘效应？

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Fungi are vital within forest ecosystems through their mycorrhizal relationships with trees, and as the main agents of wood decomposition and thus carbon and nutrient cycling. Globally, forests are becoming increasingly fragmented, creating forest patches that are isolated, reduced in area, and exposed at edges. Edges are often ecologically distinct from the forest interior due to their exposure to the matrix habitat. This exposure can result in altered microclimatic conditions and flows of biotic and abiotic materials such as spores or inorganic nitrogen, respectively. Although fungi are known to be affected by microclimate and nitrogen deposition, knowledge of forest edge effects on fungi is extremely limited; however, a consideration of the factors known to regulate fungal activity in combination with known biotic and abiotic edge effects implies that forest edges are likely to strongly influence fungi. These include responses of fungi to the altered microclimate and nitrogen levels at forest edges, at both the individual and community level; interactions with plants and animals that have been influenced by edges; above-belowground feedback between mycorrhizal fungi and host trees. The small body of existing research focuses on fruit body presence and distribution; fungal biomass and community composition in soil have been touched upon. Positive, negative and neutral edge responses have been found, the majority of studies finding a significant effect on some of the parameters measured. Generally, abundance of fruit bodies and biomass in the soil is lower at the forest edge. Understanding how fungi respond to edges is essential to a more complete knowledge of carbon and nitrogen cycling in forest edges, influence of mycorrhizal species on vegetation, and conservation of rare fungi. As edges become increasingly dominant landscape features it is vital to investigate processes within them, to understand ecosystem function at a landscape scale.
机译：真菌通过与树木的菌根关系而成为森林生态系统中的重要元素，并且是木材分解以及碳和养分循环的主要媒介。在全球范围内，森林正变得越来越零散，从而形成了孤立，面积减少且边缘暴露的森林斑块。由于边缘暴露于基质栖息地，因此在生态上通常与森林内部区分开。这种接触会分别导致微气候条件的改变以及生物和非生物材料（例如孢子或无机氮）的流动。尽管已知真菌会受到微气候和氮沉积的影响，但是关于森林边缘对真菌的影响的知识却非常有限;但是，考虑到已知的调节真菌活性的因素以及已知的生物和非生物边缘效应的结合，意味着森林边缘很可能强烈影响真菌。这些包括真菌对个体和社区一级森林边缘的微气候和氮水平变化的响应;与受边缘影响的动植物的相互作用;菌根真菌和寄主树之间的地上反馈。现有研究的小部分集中在子实体的存在和分布上。土壤中的真菌生物量和群落组成已经涉及。已经发现了正，负和中性边缘响应，大多数研究发现对所测量的某些参数有显着影响。通常，森林边缘土壤中的大量子实体和生物量较低。了解真菌对边缘的反应方式对于更全面地了解森林边缘的碳和氮循环，菌根物种对植被的影响以及稀有真菌的保护至关重要。随着边缘逐渐成为占主导地位的景观特征，至关重要的是调查其中的过程，以了解景观尺度的生态系统功能。

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