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Contrasted patterns in mating-type chromosomes in fungi: Hotspots versus coldspots of recombination

机译：真菌交配型染色体的对比模式：重组的热点与冷点

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It is striking that, while central to sexual reproduction, the genomic regions determining sex or mating-types are often characterized by suppressed recombination that leads to a decrease in the efficiency of selection, shelters genetic load, and inevitably contributes to their genic degeneration. Research on model and lesser-explored fungi has revealed similarities in recombination suppression of the genomic regions involved in mating compatibility across eukaryotes, but fungi also provide opposite examples of enhanced recombination in the genomic regions that determine their mating types. These contrasted patterns of genetic recombination (sensu lato, including gene conversion and ectopic recombination) in regions of the genome involved in mating compatibility point to important yet complex processes occurring in their evolution. A number of pieces in this puzzle remain to be solved, in particular on the unclear selective forces that may cause the patterns of recombination, prompting theoretical developments and experimental studies. This review thus points to fungi as a fascinating group for studying the various evolutionary forces at play in the genomic regions involved in mating compatibility. (C) 2015 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：令人惊讶的是，尽管决定性繁殖的核心，但决定性别或交配类型的基因组区域通常以抑制重组为特征，从而导致选择效率降低，掩盖遗传负荷并不可避免地导致其基因退化。对模型真菌和较少探索的真菌的研究表明，重组抑制涉及真核生物交配相容性的基因组区域的相似性，但是真菌还提供了确定其交配类型的基因组区域重组增强的相反例子。这些在交配相容性相关的基因组区域中的遗传重组模式（sensu lato，包括基因转化和异位重组）形成了鲜明对比，这表明它们进化过程中发生了重要而复杂的过程。这个难题中的许多问题仍有待解决，特别是在不清楚的选择性力可能导致重组模式的问题上，这促进了理论发展和实验研究。因此，这篇综述指出真菌是研究有关交配相容性的基因组区域中各种进化力的一个有趣的研究组。 （C）2015英国Mycological Society。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

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