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The importance of subclasses of chitin synthase enzymes with myosin-like domains for the fitness of fungi

机译：具有肌球蛋白样结构域的几丁质合酶亚类对于真菌适应性的重要性

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摘要

Chitin represents one of the most important components of the fungal cell wall. The multiplicity of chitin synthase (Chs) enzymes found in filamentous fungi underlines the importance of chitin in these organisms. Among this group of fungal enzymes, two classes, V and VII, are armed with myosin motors, constituting the MMD-Chs (Myosin Motor Domain - Chitin synthases) that are found in filamentous fungi and are absent in most yeast species. These enzymes play a critical role in promoting the synthesis of chitin at the hyphal tip, thus influencing fungal growth and the architecture of fungal infection structures. Other processes in which these enzymes are important are in osmo- and H2O2-tolerance, the ability to grow at 37 degrees C and in conidiogenesis. This review is focussed on the classification, structure and function of these enzymes describing the fundamental role of these enzymes in the ability of filamentous fungi to infect plants and their possible involvement in infections of animals. Moreover, data obtained with deletant mutants of this family of proteins indicates that they have potential as targets for novel antifungals. (C) 2016 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：几丁质代表真菌细胞壁最重要的成分之一。在丝状真菌中发现的几丁质合成酶（Chs）酶的多样性强调了几丁质在这些生物中的重要性。在这组真菌酶中，V和VII两类装备了肌球蛋白驱动蛋白，构成了丝状真菌中发现的MMD-Chs（肌球蛋白驱动蛋白域-几丁质合酶），大多数酵母菌种中都不存在。这些酶在促进在菌丝尖端的几丁质的合成中起关键作用，从而影响真菌的生长和真菌感染结构的结构。这些酶很重要的其他过程是对渗透压和H2O2的耐受性，在37摄氏度下生长的能力以及分生孢子。这篇综述集中在这些酶的分类，结构和功能上，描述了这些酶在丝状真菌感染植物的能力及其可能参与动物感染中的基本作用。而且，用该蛋白家族的缺失突变体获得的数据表明它们具有作为新型抗真菌剂的靶标的潜力。 （C）2016英国Mycological Society。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

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