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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics >Policy reform in the European Union dairy sector: effects on markets and welfare.
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Policy reform in the European Union dairy sector: effects on markets and welfare.

机译：欧盟乳业部门的政策改革：对市场和福利的影响。

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This paper analyses the impacts of policy reforms in the EU dairy sector on milk product prices and production. It is shown that the implementation of GATT agreements leads to a 4% decrease in the milk price. Prices of skim milk powder and whole milk powder decrease more than butter and cheese prices. EU welfare increases marginally, but distributive effects are large. The increase in quotas decided by the Berlin Agreement will cause a dramatic cut in the milk price (-10% to -15% depending on how EU demand will increase in the future). Moreover, because of the constraints on subsidized exports, the implicit price of protein will decrease much more than the price of fat. Finally, if demand expands sufficiently, then compensatory payments (includingnational envelopes) will cover about 90% of the loss in producer surplus due to the milk price cut. The paper also investigates the impact of a two-tiered quota system and shows that its impacts are similar to those generated by the implementation of GATT agreements.
机译：本文分析了欧盟乳业部门政策改革对奶制品价格和生产的影响。结果表明，关贸总协定协定的执行使牛奶价格下降了4％。脱脂奶粉和全脂奶粉的价格下降幅度超过黄油和奶酪的价格。欧盟的福利略有增加，但分配效应很大。根据《柏林协议》决定的配额增加将导致牛奶价格大幅降低（-10％至-15％，具体取决于欧盟未来的需求增长方式）。此外，由于补贴出口的限制，蛋白质的隐性价格将比脂肪的价格下降更多。最后，如果需求充分扩大，那么由于牛奶降价，补偿性支付（包括国家信封）将弥补生产者剩余损失的大约90％。本文还研究了两层配额制度的影响，并表明其影响与关贸总协定协议的实施产生的影响相似。

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