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首页> 外文期刊>Biochemical Pharmacology >The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a modulator of anti-viral immunity.
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a modulator of anti-viral immunity.

机译：芳基烃受体是抗病毒免疫的调节剂。

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Although immune modulation by AhR ligands has been studied for many years, the impact of AhR activation on host defenses against viral infection has not, until recently, garnered much attention. The development of novel reagents and model systems, new information regarding anti-viral immunity, and a growing appreciation for the global health threat posed by viruses have invigorated interest in understanding how environmental signals affect susceptibility to and pathological consequences of viral infection. Using influenza A virus as a model of respiratory viral infection, recent studies show that AhR activation cues signaling events in both leukocytes and non-immune cells. Functional alterations include suppressed lymphocyte responses and increased inflammation in the infected lung. AhR-mediated events within and extrinsic to hematopoietic cells has been investigated using bone marrow chimeras, which show that AhR alters different elements of the immune response by affecting different tissue targets. In particular, suppressed CD8(+) T cell responses are due to deregulated events within leukocytes themselves, whereas increased neutrophil recruitment to and IFN-gamma levels in the lung result from AhR-regulated events extrinsic to bone marrow-derived cells. This latter discovery suggests that epithelial and endothelial cells are overlooked targets of AhR-mediated changes in immune function. Further support that AhR influences host cell responses to viral infection are provided by several studies demonstrating that AhR interacts directly with viral proteins and affects viral latency. While AhR clearly modulates host responses to viral infection, we still have much to understand about the complex interactions between immune cells, viruses, and the host environment.
机译：尽管通过AhR配体的免疫调节已被研究多年，但直到最近，AhR激活对宿主防御病毒感染的防御作用仍未引起广泛关注。新型试剂和模型系统的开发，有关抗病毒免疫的新信息以及对病毒造成的全球健康威胁的日益增长的理解，激发了人们对了解环境信号如何影响对病毒感染的易感性和病理后果的兴趣。使用甲型流感病毒作为呼吸道病毒感染的模型，最近的研究表明，AhR激活提示白细胞和非免疫细胞中的信号事件。功能改变包括淋巴细胞反应抑制和感染肺部炎症增加。已经使用骨髓嵌合体研究了AhR介导的造血细胞内和外源性事件，这表明AhR通过影响不同的组织靶标来改变免疫应答的不同成分。特别是，抑制的CD8（+）T细胞反应归因于白细胞自身内部的失调事件，而肺中性粒细胞募集和IFN-γ水平升高则归因于骨髓衍生细胞外在的AhR调控事件。后一个发现表明，上皮细胞和内皮细胞是AhR介导的免疫功能改变的靶标。一些研究表明，AhR与病毒蛋白直接相互作用并影响病毒潜伏期，进一步证实了AhR影响宿主细胞对病毒感染的反应。尽管AhR明显调节了宿主对病毒感染的反应，但对于免疫细胞，病毒和宿主环境之间的复杂相互作用，我们仍然有很多了解。

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