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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics >Risk and (re-)organization in agriculture: the economics of backgrounding cattle in Saskatchewan.
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Risk and (re-)organization in agriculture: the economics of backgrounding cattle in Saskatchewan.

机译：农业中的风险和（重新）组织：萨斯喀彻温省养牛的经济学。

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The paper examines reorganization of the beef system in western Canada, which is resulting in a stage of production known as backgrounding, in which calves are grown before entering the feedlot. The paper explains the reorganization in the context of transaction cost economics. New methods of marketing backgrounded cattle are being developed, which may increase the profitability of these operations. The impacts of five marketing options (spot market, hedging, Cattle Options Pilot Project (COPP), guaranteed price contracts, and cost-plus contracts) on the backgrounding enterprise's risk and returns are analysed. Thirteen enterprises are modelled, using various levels of capital and labour intensities, livestock numbers, sizes of calves fed and average daily gains. These models are simulated for the period 1978-94 using costs of production and prices of cattle. Profits per head calculations allow the comparison of enterprise efficiencies. The marketing alternatives are then evaluated using mean-variance rule (E-V) and stochastic dominance methods of risk analysis. It is concluded that if backgrounders have the alternative to hedge in the futures market via the very attractive but hypothetical COPP, then the role of contracts as a risk-limiting device is limited. However, in the absence of the COPP the backgrounding cattle industry would be made more risk efficient in a vertically coordinated scheme via some type of contract.
机译：本文研究了加拿大西部牛肉系统的重组，该重组导致了一个称为背景化的生产阶段，在此阶段，犊牛在进入育肥场之前就已经生长。本文在交易成本经济学的背景下解释了重组。正在开发销售有背景的牛的新方法，这可能会增加这些业务的盈利能力。分析了五个营销选择（现货市场，对冲，牛期权试点项目（COPP），保证价格合同和成本加成合同）对背景企业的风险和回报的影响。使用不同水平的资本和劳动强度，牲畜数量，小牛饲喂量和平均日收益对13家企业进行了建模。这些模型是根据1978-94年期间的生产成本和牲畜价格进行模拟的。人均利润计算可以比较企业效率。然后使用均值方差规则（E-V）和风险分析的随机优势方法评估市场营销方案。结论是，如果背景交易者可以通过非常有吸引力但假定的COPP替代期货市场中的对冲，那么合同作为风险限制工具的作用将受到限制。但是，在没有COPP的情况下，通过某种类型的合同在纵向协调的计划中，背景养牛业的风险效率将更高。

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