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Distribution and range expansion of deer in Ireland

机译：爱尔兰鹿的分布和范围扩大

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1. Throughout Europe, the range of many deer species is expanding. We provide current distribution maps for red deer Cervus elaphus, sika Cervus nippon, fallow deer Dama dama and muntjac deer Muntiacus sp. in Ireland, and estimates of range expansion rates for red deer, sika and fallow deer.2. There was a considerable expansion in the ranges of red deer, sika and fallow deer between 1978 and 2008. The compound annual rate of expansion was 7% for red deer, 5% for sika and 3% for fallow deer. The total range increase was 565% for red deer, 353% for sika and 174% for fallow deer. The potential implications of these expansions are discussed.3. There are unknown numbers of red-sika hybrid deer in some parts of Ireland. Range expansion is likely to lead to further hybridizations with implications for the genetic integrity of deer stocks.4. Sightings of free-roaming muntjac deer were first recorded in 2007. The distribution of confirmed sightings of single and multiple animals in the eastern region of Ireland suggests multiple releases.5. Deer are already impacting on both the economic and biodiversity values of habitats in Ireland, where, at present, no sustainable deer management policy exists.
机译：1.在整个欧洲，许多鹿的种类范围正在扩大。我们提供了红鹿鹿，梅花鹿，小鹿达马黄雀和蒙塔克鹿Muntiacus sp的当前分布图。在爱尔兰，并估算了红鹿，梅花鹿和小鹿的射程扩展率。2。在1978年至2008年之间，马鹿，梅花鹿和小鹿的种类有了相当大的增长。马鹿的年复合增长率为7％，梅花鹿为5％，小鹿为3％。马鹿的总射程增加了565％，梅花鹿增加了353％，休闲鹿增加了174％。讨论了这些扩展的潜在含义。3。在爱尔兰的某些地区，数量不明的红狮杂交鹿。范围的扩大很可能导致进一步的杂交，对鹿群的遗传完整性产生影响。4。 2007年首次记录到自由漫游的野鹿的目击事件。在爱尔兰东部地区，单目或多目动物的确诊目击分布表明有多次释放。5。鹿已经对爱尔兰栖息地的经济和生物多样性价值产生影响，目前爱尔兰尚无可持续的鹿管理政策。

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