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首页> 外文期刊>Mammalian Biology >Red and sika deer in the British Isles, current management issues and management policy.
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Red and sika deer in the British Isles, current management issues and management policy.

机译：不列颠群岛的雷德和梅花鹿，当前的管理问题和管理政策。

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The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the most widely distributed species of deer in Europe. Due to its economic value as game species or its negative impacts on forestry, agriculture and conservation areas, most populations are currently managed, with strategies and intensity of the management varying between countries. In Britain, and less certainly in Ireland, red deer have been continuously present since the end of the last glaciation and constitute the largest population of red deer in Europe. Although they thrived in the past when forests were abundant, the current distribution of red deer in the British Isles is uneven, with the largest numbers being found in Scotland and few and more localised populations in England, Wales and the Republic of Ireland. In the British Isles, as in many other parts of Europe, there is a long history of man interacting with deer populations including local extinctions, multiple translocations and introductions of exotic species of deer. Among introduced exotic species of deer, the Japanese sika (Cervus nippon) is the one of most concern. After introduction of small numbers at multiple locations in Britain and Ireland from 1860 onwards, sika have increased in population number and range in areas with good forest cover, and where they overlap with red deer there is a risk of hybridisation. Due to recent increases in numbers and range of red and sika deer, both species pose a range of management challenges which are not easy to solve. In this review we summarise the history and status of these two species in Great Britain and Ireland, describe current management and discuss management options for the future.
机译：马鹿（ Cervus elaphus ）是欧洲分布最广泛的鹿种之一。由于其作为猎物物种的经济价值或对林业，农业和保护区的负面影响，目前对大多数种群进行管理，各国的管理战略和管理强度各不相同。自上次冰河期结束以来，在英国，而且在爱尔兰的情况也不尽相同，马鹿是欧洲最大的马鹿种群。尽管过去森林茂盛时它们繁盛，但目前不列颠群岛的马鹿分布不均，其中苏格兰的马鹿数量最多，而英格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰共和国的本地人数量很少。与欧洲许多其他地区一样，在不列颠群岛上，人类与鹿种群互动的历史由来已久，包括当地灭绝，多重易位和引进外来鹿种。在引进的外来鹿种中，日本梅花鹿（ Cervus nippon ）是最受关注的物种之一。自1860年起在英国和爱尔兰的多个地点引入少量梅花鹿后，梅花鹿的人口数量和范围在森林覆盖率良好的地区有所增加，在与马鹿重叠的地方存在杂交的风险。由于近来马鹿和梅花鹿的数量和范围不断增加，这两种物种都面临着一系列难以解决的管理难题。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这两个物种在英国和爱尔兰的历史和地位，描述了目前的管理并讨论了未来的管理选择。

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