A field study on cost-effectiveness of five erosion control measures

Guang Jin; A. J. Englande Jr.

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A field study on cost-effectiveness of five erosion control measures

机译：五个侵蚀控制措施的成本效益实地研究

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Purpose - The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate five erosion control measures at a residential development area in Louisiana, USA in order to provide Best Management Practices (BMPs) that have been tested in the field with demonstrated cost-effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach - A total of six testing sites at a nine-degree slope were used in parallel to study five erosion control measures with one being the control site (no protection). Soil erosion rate was quantified using the erosion bridge method. Soil underlying the study area was analyzed for surface runoff potential. Precipitation was monitored using a Sigma rain gauge. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student Newman-Keuls Post-Hoc ANOVA analysis were conducted to evaluate statistical significance of erosion control effectiveness. Ratio of soil erosion rate reduction to cost of each control measure is also analyzed. Findings - All erosion control measures studied were very effective in reducing soil erosion for soils with high runoff potential, ranging from 75 percent to about 100 percent reduction in soil erosion rate. The most effective soil erosion protection was observed by Geojute fabric and Curlex blanket with greater than 90 percent reduction in soil erosion rate. However, after factoring-in cost, straw bedding was observed to be five times as cost-effective as Geojute fabric and Curlex blanket. The most cost-effective measure is temporary seeding using perennial rye grass. For each dollar spent, about 12 tons of soil per acre per year will be prevented from eroding. Originality/value - The study evaluated erosion control measures in the field with quantitative cost-effectiveness analyzed. Besides enforcement, providing practical and cost-effectiveness control measures that have been tested in the field is critical for actual implementation of erosion control measures.

机译：目的-这项研究的目的是对美国路易斯安那州一个住宅开发区的五种侵蚀控制措施进行定量评估，以提供经现场测试证明具有成本效益的最佳管理实践（BMP）。设计/方法/方法-总共使用六个倾斜度为9度的测试地点来研究五项侵蚀控制措施，其中一项为控制地点（无保护）。土壤侵蚀率用侵蚀桥方法定量。分析研究区域下方的土壤的地表径流潜力。使用Sigma雨量计监测降水。进行方差分析（ANOVA）和学生Newman-Keuls事后ANOVA分析，以评估侵蚀控制效果的统计意义。还分析了土壤侵蚀速率降低与每种控制措施成本的比率。调查结果-研究的所有侵蚀控制措施对于减少径流高潜力土壤的土壤侵蚀非常有效，其土壤侵蚀率降低了75％至100％。使用Geojute织物和Curlex毯子可观察到最有效的土壤侵蚀防护，土壤侵蚀速率降低了90％以上。但是，考虑到成本因素，稻草床上用品的成本效益是Geojute织物和Curlex毯子的五倍。最具成本效益的措施是使用多年生黑麦草进行临时播种。每花费一美元，每年就可以防止每英亩约12吨土壤侵蚀。原创性/价值-该研究评估了该领域的侵蚀控制措施，并分析了定量成本效益。除了强制执行之外，提供已在现场进行测试的实用且具有成本效益的控制措施对于实际实施侵蚀控制措施至关重要。

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《Management of Environmental Quality》 |2009年第1期|共15页
作者
Guang Jin; A. J. Englande Jr.;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类社会与环境;
关键词
Soil erosion; Water pollution; Water treatment; Environmental management; United States of America;

机译：土壤侵蚀;水污染;水处理;环境管理;美利坚合众国;

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1. A field study on cost-effectiveness of five erosion control measures [J] . Guang Jin, A. J. Englande Jr. Management of Environmental Quality . 2009,第1期

机译：五个侵蚀控制措施的成本效益实地研究
2. Control Measures of Soil Erosion in a Typical Con- struction Project Area （ Dina 2 Gas Field） [J] . Huiming Lv 气象与环境研究：英文版 . 2013,第002期

机译：典型建设工程区（狄娜2气田）土壤侵蚀控制措施
3. Evaluation of intensified dengue control measures with interrupted time series analysis in the Panadura Medical Officer of Health division in Sri Lanka: a case study and cost-effectiveness analysis [J] . Prasad Liyanage, Joacim Rockl?v, Hasitha Tissera, The Lancet Planetary Health . 2019,第5期

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4. A Field-Scale Performance Evaluation of Erosion Control Measures for Slopes of Mine Tailings Dams [C] . Francis Amponsah-Dacosta International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage . 2015

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5. Study of erosion rate, erosion products, and arc velocity under transverse magnetic field in vacuum. [D] . Chang, Rongfeng. 1993

机译：研究真空中横向磁场下的腐蚀速率，腐蚀产物和电弧速度。
6. Influence of inhomogeneous static magnetic field-exposure on patients with erosive gastritis: a randomized self- and placebo-controlled double-blind single centre pilot study [O] . Márk Juhász, Viktor L. Nagy, Hajnal Székely, 2014

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7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。
8. Corrective Measures Technology for Shallow Land Burial at Arid Sites: Field Studies of Biointrusion Barriers and Erosion Control [R] . Nyhan, J. W., Hakonson, T. E., Lopez, E. A. 1986

机译：干旱地区浅埋土地纠正措施技术：生物侵蚀障碍与侵蚀控制的现场研究

A field study on cost-effectiveness of five erosion control measures

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